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小说是一种典型的叙事文学,与诗歌、戏剧相比,小说与现实的关系更为密切,但其本质又是一门虚构的艺术,因而谈起小说就不可避免会涉及到如何处理虚与实的关系问题。中西方小说因为其文学传统不同,叙事文学的传统与发展模式也各异其趣。无论中国还是西方,神话都是叙事文学的源头,但这个源头在中西文学中所发挥的价值功能却大不相同。神话与之后的历史均影响着小说的创作,但影响的程度也不尽相同,因而中西小说对待虚与实的态度也呈现出许多差异。此外也要看到不同的文学作品蕴含了不同的虚实关系。究其根本,小说并不旨在将虚与实放置在两个对立面,而是试图探讨人存在的可能性,对存在的思考才是小说虚实艺术真正的使命。
Novel is a kind of typical narrative literature. Compared with poetry and drama, the relationship between novel and reality is closer, but its essence is a fictional art. Therefore, when it comes to novels, it is inevitable to deal with the problem of virtual Real relationship problems. Because of their different literary traditions, Chinese and Western novels also have their own traditions and development models of narrative literature. Both Chinese and western myths are the source of narrative literature, but the value function of this source in Chinese and Western literature is quite different. Both myth and later history influence the creation of fiction, but the influence is not the same. Therefore, there are also many differences between the two novels. In addition, we must also see that different literary works contain different relations between the actual situation and the actual situation. At its root, the novel is not intended to place the virtual reality on two opposite sides. Instead, it attempts to explore the possibility of human existence. Thinking about the existence is the real mission of the actual art.