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本文回顾了在苏联所有地震区就地震预报而进行的水文地球化学和流体地球动力学的主要研究成果。从83个台站组成的庞大的观测网收集了大量的资料,这些资料涉及到大约40个水文地球化学和流体地球动力学参数的变化。联系本地区的地震活动对这些资料进行了分析研究。在对常规观测结果进行统计分析的基础上,对水文地球化学前兆进行了分类。指出了由前兆物理化学性质而定的水文地球化学异常的几个特点、给定地区的地质条件和预期地震活动的特点。给出了数据分析的一些复杂的统计方法和根据水文地球化学方法预报的几个地震实例。发现水文地球化学和流体地球动力学前兆对短期预报非常有效。讨论了能引起水文地球化学前兆的可能机制。简短地叙述了苏联用于水文地球化学和流体地球动力学观测的精密自记装置的进展。
This paper reviews the major findings of the hydrogeochemistry and hydrodynamics of earthquakes in all the Soviet earthquake areas. A vast body of observations from 83 stations collected a wealth of information on the changes in about 40 hydrogeochemical and fluid geodynamic parameters. These data were analyzed in connection with the seismic activity in the area. Based on the statistical analysis of routine observations, the precursors of hydrogeochemistry were classified. Several characteristics of hydrogeochemical anomalies, which are determined by physico-chemical properties of precursors, are pointed out. The geological conditions and the characteristics of the expected seismicity in a given area are pointed out. Some complicated statistical methods for data analysis and several earthquake examples based on hydrogeochemical methods are given. Finding hydrogeochemistry and fluid geodynamics precursors is very effective for short-term forecasts. Discussed possible mechanisms that can cause hydrogeochemical precursors. A brief account of progress made by the Soviet Union in the use of sophisticated self-recording devices for hydrogeochemistry and fluid geodynamics observations.