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目的分析湖北省神农架林区2012-2013年尘肺发病规律和特征,为制定防治对策提供依据。方法收集整理2012-2013年神农架林区矿山企业接触粉尘工人的体检报告数据,采用GraphPad Prism 5统计软件进行描述分析。结果 2012-2013年矿山企业接触粉尘的体检工人共计2 833名,检出尘肺患者60例,检出率为2.12%。其中2012年体检1 238名,检出26例,检出率为2.10%;2013年体检1 595名,检出34例,检出率为2.13%。2012年检出的26例患者年龄为35~48岁,平均(45.85±9.78)岁;2013年检出的34例患者年龄为27~45岁,平均(36.35±9.87)岁。35~44岁组检出率最高为4.28%(46/1 075),检出患者数占全部患者的76.67%(46/60)。2012年检出的26例尘肺病患者接触粉尘工龄9~28年。平均工龄19(19.03±7.03)年;2013年检出的34例尘肺病患者接触粉尘工龄4~27年,平均工龄16(16.05±5.83)年。2012年接触粉尘工龄0~9年组尘肺检出率为0.26%,低于2013年的1.03%,而其他接触尘肺工龄组2013年尘肺检出率均低于2012年。国有经济企业体检工人1 043例,检出尘肺病例11例,检出率为1.05%;非国有经济企业体检工人1 790例,检出尘肺病例49例,检出率为2.74%,非国有经济企业职工尘肺检出率较国有经济企业高,且2013年两类企业职工尘肺检出率差距均大于2012年。结论神农架林区矿山企业工人尘肺检出人数呈上升趋势,且有发病接触工龄缩短的倾向,应成为职业卫生工作的重点监控对象。
Objective To analyze the regularity and characteristics of pneumoconiosis incidence in Shennongjia forest region of Hubei Province from 2012 to 2013, and provide the basis for prevention and control measures. Methods The physical examination reports of mine workers exposed to dust from 2012 to 2013 in Shennongjia forest area were collected and analyzed by GraphPad Prism 5 statistical software. Results A total of 2 833 medical workers exposed to dust were collected from mine enterprises in 2012-2013. 60 patients were detected with pneumoconiosis, with a detection rate of 2.12%. Among them, 1,238 were detected in 2012, of which 26 were detected, with a detection rate of 2.10%. In 2013, 1 595 were detected and 34 were detected, with a detection rate of 2.13%. In 2012, 26 patients were 35 to 48 years old with an average of (45.85 ± 9.78) years. In 2013, 34 patients were 27 to 45 years old (mean, 36.35 ± 9.87) years. The highest detection rate was 4.28% (46/1 075) in 35-44 years old group, accounting for 76.67% (46/60) of the total patients. In 2012, 26 pneumoconiosis patients were exposed to dust for a length of 9-28 years. The average length of service was 19 (19.03 ± 7.03) years. In 2013, 34 patients with pneumoconiosis were exposed to dust for a period of 4-27 years with an average length of 16 years (16.05 ± 5.83) years. In 2012, the detection rate of pneumoconiosis from 0 to 9 years of exposure to dust was 0.26%, down from 1.03% in 2013, while the detection rate of pneumoconiosis in 2013 among other exposure pneumoconiosis workers was lower than that in 2012. Of the 1,043 state health inspection workers, 11 were detected pneumoconiosis cases, with a detection rate of 1.05%. Among the non-state-owned economy enterprises, 1,790 were physical examination workers, 49 were pneumoconiosis cases, with a detection rate of 2.74%. Non-state-owned economy The detection rate of pneumoconiosis among workers was higher than that of state-owned enterprises, and the difference in the detection rate of pneumoconiosis among workers in both types of enterprises in 2013 was larger than that in 2012. Conclusion The number of pneumoconiosis workers in mining enterprises in Shennongjia forest area is on the rise, and there is a tendency to shorten the length of service in contact with workers in the Shennongjia forest area. It should be the key monitoring object of occupational health work.