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目的了解南通地区城乡居民恶性肿瘤健康教育干预效果。方法将恶性肿瘤发病率相似的海安县与如东县分别作为干预组和对照组,对两县(均衡抽取22个乡镇、53个行政村)常住居民中15岁以上的城乡居民恶性肿瘤知信行情况进行入户问卷调查。男性9750人,占48.4%,女性10389人,占51.6%,平均年龄(58.2±8.3)岁,两组间性别、年龄构成无显著差异,P>0.05。在基线调查的基础上,采用行政干预、社区干预、传媒干预、行为干预、心理干预、综合干预的方法对干预组实施为期3年的恶性肿瘤健康教育干预,干预后以与基线调查相同的方法再次进行入户问卷调查。结果除了对吸烟、饮酒这一行为改变效果不显著外,干预组对恶性肿瘤的知识、信念、行为的正确率与对照组相比,差异性非常显著,(P<0.01,相关知识知晓率由原来的64.3%上升到87.1%,信念态度正确率由原来的64.1%上升到84.3%,健康行为形成率由原来的63.5%上升到74.4%。结论对城乡居民开展恶性肿瘤知信行健康教育干预,可增加其预防恶性肿瘤的知识,建立良好的行为习惯和健康的生活方式,是降低恶性肿瘤发病最有效的途径之一。
Objective To understand the effect of intervention of health education on malignant tumors among urban and rural residents in Nantong area. Methods Hai’an and Rudong counties with similar incidence of malignant tumors were divided into intervention group and control group respectively. The information of malignant tumor of urban and rural residents over the age of 15 in two counties (22 towns and 53 administrative villages) Household survey conducted. There were 9,750 males, accounting for 48.4%, females 10,389, accounting for 51.6% and average age (58.2 ± 8.3) years. There was no significant difference in gender and age between the two groups (P> 0.05). On the basis of the baseline survey, the three-year health education intervention on malignant tumor was conducted in the intervention group by the methods of administrative intervention, community intervention, media intervention, behavioral intervention, psychological intervention and comprehensive intervention. After the intervention, the same method as the baseline survey Home survey again. Results In addition to smoking and drinking behavior change is not significant, the intervention group of malignant tumor knowledge, beliefs, behavior correct rate compared with the control group, the difference was very significant (P <0.01, the rate of awareness of related knowledge from The original 64.3% rose to 87.1%, the correct attitude of belief increased from 64.1% to 84.3%, the healthy behavior formation rate increased from 63.5% to 74.4% .Conclusion To urban and rural residents to carry out health education intervention, Can increase its knowledge of prevention of malignant tumors, establish good habits and healthy lifestyles, is one of the most effective ways to reduce the incidence of malignant tumors.