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临床流行病学研究表明，维生素D缺乏与各种感染性疾病风险升高密切相关。近年来研究认为，维生素D是机体抵抗感染的核心调控因子。在人类固有免疫系统和天然黏膜屏障功能中，活性维生素D触发抗微生物信号通路，提高机体细胞免疫功能，对抗和抑制细菌、真菌、病毒等病原微生物引发的感染。同时，活性维生素D也调控超敏反应，减轻器官、组织免疫损伤等病理生理过程。大量研究提示，维生素D从多个方面提高机体的免疫防御能力。对于病毒性疾病的防治，维生素D的抗感染作用应该引起高度重视，但仍需要前瞻性研究进一步证实。本文重点复习综述维生素D抗感染的免疫调控机制。“,”Clinical epidemiological studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is associated with infectious diseases, which is confirmed by recent studies implying the role of vitamin D as a key regulator of host defense against infections. Bioactive vitamin D triggers antimicrobial pathways against pathogens in mucous membrane and cells of the human innate immune system. In addition, vitamin D also attenuates excessive inflammation and acquired immunity, and thus limits collateral tissue damage. The observed effects of vitamin D on infectious diseases, particularly airway infections, should be addressed in the management of viral infections. Findings from cross-sectional studies should be confirmed by prospective research. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the effect of vitamin D on innate and acquired host defense against infections.