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利用扫描电子显微镜对小麦胚乳发育过程中淀粉粒的形态和成熟胚乳中的A、B型淀粉粒进行观察。电子显微镜扫描结果显示,花后5~10d,糯小麦胚乳中可见到一些体积较小的A型淀粉粒,10~15d以A型淀粉粒数量增多和体积增大为主;B型淀粉粒在花后15d已经形成,但此时B型淀粉粒的数量少;花后20d—成熟前B型淀粉粒的数量和体积逐渐增长。糯小麦成熟籽粒胚乳中淀粉粒的直径分布为0.96~34.92μm。与普通小麦相比,糯小麦A型淀粉粒的形状较扁平;表面没有普通小麦光滑;B型淀粉粒的形状比普通小麦更无规则,且更容易发生聚集现象。另外,发现在A型淀粉粒上有许多孔洞;在5 000倍数下观察,发现这些孔洞结构从A型淀粉粒表面一直延伸到其内部。
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of starch grains and type A and B starch grains in mature endosperm during wheat endosperm development. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that some smaller A-type starch granules were found in the waxy wheat endosperm 5 to 10 days after anthesis, and 10 to 15 days were mainly A-type starch granules with increased volume. 15 days after anthesis had formed, but the number of type B starch granules was small at this time; the quantity and volume of type B starch granules gradually increased after 20 days of anthesis. The diameter distribution of starch granules in the mature grain endosperm of waxy wheat was 0.96 ~ 34.92μm. Compared with the common wheat, the shape of waxy wheat A-type starch grains was flatter; the surface was not smooth; the shape of B-type starch grains was more irregular than that of common wheat, and was more prone to aggregation. In addition, many pores were found in type A starch granules; observed at 5 000-fold, these pore structures were found to extend from the surface of type A starch granules into their interior.