论文部分内容阅读
摘 要： 文章对照2013年福建省高考《考试说明》，结合对近几年高考试题的分析，认真研究《考试说明》，了解新课程高考英语试卷特点，适用有效答题策略，提高复习效率。
关键词： 高考复习 阅读理解 答题策略
1.引言
正如2013年高考英语（福建）《考试说明》所述，阅读是我国考生接触英语，了解英语国家文化，培养跨文化交际意识的主要途径，是高中英语教学和测试评价的重点。因此，阅读理解在试卷中所占权重较大。
2.阅读理解测试考生阅读理解书面英语的能力
它主要考查考生获取、分析和处理信息的能力。所选的文章内容贴近生活、贴近社会、贴近时代，语言地道，体裁多样，题材丰富。要求考生根据短文内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。题目类型主要有：
2.1理解短文中的具体信息
任何一篇文章都包含大量的细节信息，用来支持文章中心思想的阐述。这些细节对于理解文章内容至关重要。
2.2根据上下文推断词义或句意
2013年《考试说明》强调推断生词含义是学生所必须具备的能力。也就是说，词汇是《考试说明》的重中之重，根据上下文推断词义或句意的题目应该会出。
2.3作出简单判断和推测
阅读的主要目的是获取相关信息，也就是理解文章作者所要传达的信息。这些信息中，有些需要根据短文提供的线索和事实，进行判断和推理，推测出作者没有提到的事实或发生某事的可能性或趋势。
2.4理解文章主旨和大意
每一篇文章都会有一个主旨和要义。在英语中，作者一般是在文章第一段甚至是第一句就表明文章的主旨大意。有时则放在文章的最后。少数文章的主旨大意需要从文章的字里行间进行推断。
2.5理解文章的基本结构
了解了文章的结构，才能准确、深刻地理解文章内容。要把握住全篇文章的文脉，也就是句与句之间、段与段之间的逻辑关系。要理解文章中某一段落的作用或者某一些词语的指代关系等。
2.6理解作者的态度、观点和意图
每一篇文章都会有一个特定的写作目的及意图。但是，这些信息通常并没有明确地表达出来，而是隐含在字里行间。学生要在理解文章总体内容的基础上，领会作者的弦外之音。
3.高考英语阅读理解试题答题策略
在高考实际答题中，由于时间限制，考生不可能详细品读文章，最具实效的答题策略就是巧用关键词搜索答案出处，迅速准确地选对答案。以下以一篇人物传记题材的阅读理解题为例，说明如何确定关键词搜索答案。
【例】It was a very happy family.The life was fairly well off.Father，Leopold，was a music master in Austria.Mother was warm hearted.There were two children，Marianne，a schoolgirl，and little Wolfgang，a child not quite four years old.Marianne was learning to play the piano，and day after day Leopold stood behind her as she practiced.How patient her father was，and how cleverly he showed Marianne how to play some particularly difficult pieces！She was making progress，very good progress，and that was excellent. ①And there，almost lost in the big chair，sat Wolfgang，who never had to be told to keep quiet when Marianne was practicing.
One evening at sunset Leopold patted Marianne’s shoulder，saying she had done well. At that moment Wolfgang climbed on his father’s knee and begged to be allowed to play the pretty piece Marianne had now mastered. What a joke that was！Picking up his baby son，Leopold laughed and said，②“Look at your small hands.You must wait，little man！”
③There was no end of fun during tea，and Marianne had to tell her mother about Wolfgang wanting to play a difficult piece.When the meal was finished，Marianne helped to clear away the dishes.Suddenly Leopold got up.④“Listen！”said he in a surprised voice.“Listen！”“Marianne is playing the piece better than ever！”
But Marianne was washing dishes in the kitchen.
His wife following，Leopold walked quietly upstairs，the lamp in one hand，his music book in the other.He pushed open the door，and there was little Wolfgang playing in the darkness.“I love it.”whispered the child. It was the beginning of Mozart’s life of music.
1.Wolfgang was quiet when his sister practiced the piano because？摇 ？摇？摇？摇.
A.he liked his sister
B.he loved music
C.he didn’t feel well
D.he didn’ t want to make a noise
解析：推理判断题。根据判断，关键词应为Wolfgang，quiet。用它们去文中扫描，在第一段最后找到句子①，说Wolfgang不用别人提醒就会自觉安静下来听姐姐演奏，表明他喜爱音乐，故选B。
2.Wolfgang’s father told him he couldn’t play the piano yet because？摇？摇 ？摇？摇.
A.he was too small
B.his sister was taking lessons
C.he had to help his mother
D.he had to wait for his sister to finish practicing
解析：细节理解题。题干中出现told一词，跟说话有关，可能要在引号中找答案。在第二段最后找到句子②，说Wolfgang手太小，要等（到长大），故选A。
3.At tea time the family had？摇？摇 ？摇？摇.
A.no fun B.a little fun C.a lot of fun D.little fun
解析：细节理解题。根据判断，关键词应为tea。用它们去文中扫描，在第三段第一句找到句子③，其中“no end of fun”说明应选C。
4.Shortly after tea Leopold heard the music from upstairs. He was astonished because？摇 ？摇？摇？摇.
A.Marianne had never played the piece so beautifully
B.Marianne was washing dishes in the kitchen
C.Wolfgang was playing in the darkness
D.Wolfgang loved the piece so much
解析：细节理解题。题干中出现after tea，说明答案出处在第3题之后，且关键词应为astonished。但用它去文中第三段以后扫描，却找不到。我们在句子④中找到了它的同义词surprised，从该句知道应该选A。
用题干中的关键词去文中扫描找到答案，对于半数以上的阅读理解题是适用的，而且大大节省了考生的答题时间。我觉得在高考第二轮复习指导阅读理解题作答时效果良好，各位考生不妨一试。
参考文献：
[1]2013年福建省高考英语科考试说明.
关键词： 高考复习 阅读理解 答题策略
1.引言
正如2013年高考英语（福建）《考试说明》所述，阅读是我国考生接触英语，了解英语国家文化，培养跨文化交际意识的主要途径，是高中英语教学和测试评价的重点。因此，阅读理解在试卷中所占权重较大。
2.阅读理解测试考生阅读理解书面英语的能力
它主要考查考生获取、分析和处理信息的能力。所选的文章内容贴近生活、贴近社会、贴近时代，语言地道，体裁多样，题材丰富。要求考生根据短文内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。题目类型主要有：
2.1理解短文中的具体信息
任何一篇文章都包含大量的细节信息，用来支持文章中心思想的阐述。这些细节对于理解文章内容至关重要。
2.2根据上下文推断词义或句意
2013年《考试说明》强调推断生词含义是学生所必须具备的能力。也就是说，词汇是《考试说明》的重中之重，根据上下文推断词义或句意的题目应该会出。
2.3作出简单判断和推测
阅读的主要目的是获取相关信息，也就是理解文章作者所要传达的信息。这些信息中，有些需要根据短文提供的线索和事实，进行判断和推理，推测出作者没有提到的事实或发生某事的可能性或趋势。
2.4理解文章主旨和大意
每一篇文章都会有一个主旨和要义。在英语中，作者一般是在文章第一段甚至是第一句就表明文章的主旨大意。有时则放在文章的最后。少数文章的主旨大意需要从文章的字里行间进行推断。
2.5理解文章的基本结构
了解了文章的结构，才能准确、深刻地理解文章内容。要把握住全篇文章的文脉，也就是句与句之间、段与段之间的逻辑关系。要理解文章中某一段落的作用或者某一些词语的指代关系等。
2.6理解作者的态度、观点和意图
每一篇文章都会有一个特定的写作目的及意图。但是，这些信息通常并没有明确地表达出来，而是隐含在字里行间。学生要在理解文章总体内容的基础上，领会作者的弦外之音。
3.高考英语阅读理解试题答题策略
在高考实际答题中，由于时间限制，考生不可能详细品读文章，最具实效的答题策略就是巧用关键词搜索答案出处，迅速准确地选对答案。以下以一篇人物传记题材的阅读理解题为例，说明如何确定关键词搜索答案。
【例】It was a very happy family.The life was fairly well off.Father，Leopold，was a music master in Austria.Mother was warm hearted.There were two children，Marianne，a schoolgirl，and little Wolfgang，a child not quite four years old.Marianne was learning to play the piano，and day after day Leopold stood behind her as she practiced.How patient her father was，and how cleverly he showed Marianne how to play some particularly difficult pieces！She was making progress，very good progress，and that was excellent. ①And there，almost lost in the big chair，sat Wolfgang，who never had to be told to keep quiet when Marianne was practicing.
One evening at sunset Leopold patted Marianne’s shoulder，saying she had done well. At that moment Wolfgang climbed on his father’s knee and begged to be allowed to play the pretty piece Marianne had now mastered. What a joke that was！Picking up his baby son，Leopold laughed and said，②“Look at your small hands.You must wait，little man！”
③There was no end of fun during tea，and Marianne had to tell her mother about Wolfgang wanting to play a difficult piece.When the meal was finished，Marianne helped to clear away the dishes.Suddenly Leopold got up.④“Listen！”said he in a surprised voice.“Listen！”“Marianne is playing the piece better than ever！”
But Marianne was washing dishes in the kitchen.
His wife following，Leopold walked quietly upstairs，the lamp in one hand，his music book in the other.He pushed open the door，and there was little Wolfgang playing in the darkness.“I love it.”whispered the child. It was the beginning of Mozart’s life of music.
1.Wolfgang was quiet when his sister practiced the piano because？摇 ？摇？摇？摇.
A.he liked his sister
B.he loved music
C.he didn’t feel well
D.he didn’ t want to make a noise
解析：推理判断题。根据判断，关键词应为Wolfgang，quiet。用它们去文中扫描，在第一段最后找到句子①，说Wolfgang不用别人提醒就会自觉安静下来听姐姐演奏，表明他喜爱音乐，故选B。
2.Wolfgang’s father told him he couldn’t play the piano yet because？摇？摇 ？摇？摇.
A.he was too small
B.his sister was taking lessons
C.he had to help his mother
D.he had to wait for his sister to finish practicing
解析：细节理解题。题干中出现told一词，跟说话有关，可能要在引号中找答案。在第二段最后找到句子②，说Wolfgang手太小，要等（到长大），故选A。
3.At tea time the family had？摇？摇 ？摇？摇.
A.no fun B.a little fun C.a lot of fun D.little fun
解析：细节理解题。根据判断，关键词应为tea。用它们去文中扫描，在第三段第一句找到句子③，其中“no end of fun”说明应选C。
4.Shortly after tea Leopold heard the music from upstairs. He was astonished because？摇 ？摇？摇？摇.
A.Marianne had never played the piece so beautifully
B.Marianne was washing dishes in the kitchen
C.Wolfgang was playing in the darkness
D.Wolfgang loved the piece so much
解析：细节理解题。题干中出现after tea，说明答案出处在第3题之后，且关键词应为astonished。但用它去文中第三段以后扫描，却找不到。我们在句子④中找到了它的同义词surprised，从该句知道应该选A。
用题干中的关键词去文中扫描找到答案，对于半数以上的阅读理解题是适用的，而且大大节省了考生的答题时间。我觉得在高考第二轮复习指导阅读理解题作答时效果良好，各位考生不妨一试。
参考文献：
[1]2013年福建省高考英语科考试说明.