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目的调查某电厂员工健康相关行为及卫生服务需求,为开展健康促进、采取干预措施提供基线资料。方法使用调查表对该厂737名员工进行调查,采用EpiData 3.1软件建立数据库,SPSS 10.0软件进行统计分析。结果不同文化程度员工不吸烟、不饮酒等6项卫生健康行为比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。不同文化程度组间对保持健康、急救常识等9项健康知识知晓率比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。对职业病的病因、生产环境中有害物质进入人体的主要途径、粉尘危害等10项职业卫生知识知晓率各组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。对职业卫生知识、慢性病的防治知识、平衡膳食知识等8项健康服务需求不同文化程度组间比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01);对办培训班、现场座谈咨询等5项健康教育形式的需求比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论该厂员工对卫生服务需求和开展健康促进需求率较高,文化程度对员工健康卫生行为与健康需求有一定影响,且差异很大。因此,在健康教育过程中要考虑文化程度因素。
Objective To investigate the health-related behavior and health service needs of employees in a power plant and to provide baseline information for interventions to promote health. Methods A questionnaire was used to investigate 737 employees in the factory. EpiData 3.1 software was used to establish a database and SPSS 10.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results There were significant differences in six health behaviors among non-smoking and non-alcoholic employees (all P <0.01). There were significant differences in the awareness rate of 9 items of health knowledge (eg, P <0.01) between groups with different education levels on maintaining health and common sense of first aid. There were significant differences in the awareness rate of occupational health knowledge (P <0.01 or P <0.05) among the causes of occupational diseases, the main ways of harmful substances entering the production environment and dust hazards. There were significant differences in 8 health service needs among different education levels among occupational health knowledge, prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, balanced dietary knowledge (all P <0.01), and 5 health education training courses and consultation on site There was significant difference in the requirements of the forms (all P <0.01). Conclusion The demand for health services and the demand for health promotion are higher among employees in this factory. The educational level has certain influence on employees’ health behaviors and health needs, and varies greatly. Therefore, in the process of health education to take into account the degree of education.