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目的探讨桂林市伤寒和副伤寒流行特征,为制定有效的防治对策提供科学依据。方法收集桂林市辖区12县(市区)1991～2005年伤寒和副伤寒疫情报告资料及实验室检测资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果1991～2005年桂林市辖区12县5城区共报告伤寒和副伤寒病例32105例,年均发病率为45.53/10万。各县年平均发病率最高为69.1/10万,最低为7.3/10万,相比有统计学意义(χ2=16.482,P<0.01),6～11月份为发病高峰(占全年发病数的67.12%);农民发病居首位,占总发病数的52.58%,学生次之,占总发病数的29.23%;从1999年起,甲型副伤寒杆菌开始超过伤寒菌为优势流行菌株,占90.%以上。15年间共发生暴发疫情78起,水型传播占92.31%。结论桂林市伤寒和副伤寒发病水平较高,要加强对农村地区和学校井水的监测和消毒,加强传染源的管理和健康宣传教育等措施。
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever in Guilin and provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and control measures. Methods Data of typhoid and paratyphoid epidemic situation in 12 counties (urban areas) of Guilin from 1991 to 2005 were collected and analyzed by laboratory data. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data. Results A total of 32 105 cases of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever were reported in 12 counties and 5 cities of Guilin from 1991 to 2005, with an average annual incidence of 45.53 / 100 000. The average annual incidence of each county was 69.1 / 100000, the lowest was 7.3 / 100000, which was statistically significant (χ2 = 16.482, P <0.01) and the peak incidence from June to November 67.12%). The incidence of peasants was the highest, accounting for 52.58% of the total number of the cases, followed by the students, accounting for 29.23% of the total. From 1999, S. paratyphi exceeded the typhoid strains for prevalence, accounting for More than 90. In the past 15 years, there were 78 outbreaks and 92.31% of them were waterborne. Conclusion The incidence of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever is high in Guilin. Measures such as monitoring and disinfection of well water in rural areas and schools, strengthening management of infectious sources and publicity and education on health are needed.