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氧化亚氮(N2O)是大气最重要的温室气体之一,能在大气滞留120年,其增温潜势是CO2的310倍。工业革命以来,大气中N2O浓度已增加了20%,但海洋仍然是大气N2O重要的自然源,占总自然源的1/3左右。南大洋是全球海洋系统重要组成部分,具有独特的水文特征。模式研究表明其是大气N2O的重要源。然而,受制于恶劣的海况条件,南大洋航次观测数据至今十分稀少。简单综述了南大洋N2O研究的重要性、研究进展及现场观测技术和模型应用的结果及其存在的问题。强调稳定同位素方法的运用将为海洋N2O形成机制研究提供新的强有力手段,另外,研发高精度的走航观测技术也是今后N2O研究取得突破的必须努力方向。展望激光光谱技术的运用对南大洋N2O研究的突破以及海冰中N2O浓度测量技术的发展,将对评估海冰在形成和融化过程中可能存在的源汇提供直测证据。
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the most important greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. It can stay in the atmosphere for 120 years and its warming potential is 310 times that of CO2. Since the Industrial Revolution, the atmospheric N2O concentration has increased by 20%, but the ocean is still an important natural source of N2O in the atmosphere, accounting for about 1/3 of the total natural resources. The Southern Ocean is an important part of the global marine system and has unique hydrological characteristics. Mode studies show that it is an important source of atmospheric N2O. However, due to the harsh conditions of the sea conditions, the observation data of the Southern Ocean voyage has been very scarce. The importance of N2O in the Southern Ocean, its research progress, the application of field observation techniques and models and its existing problems are briefly reviewed. It is emphasized that the application of stable isotope method will provide new and powerful means for the research on the formation mechanism of marine N2O. In addition, the development of high-precision cruise observation technology is also the direction of the future breakthrough of N2O research. Looking forward to the application of laser spectroscopy The breakthrough of N2O research in the Southern Ocean and the development of N2O concentration measurement technology in sea ice will provide direct evidence for the assessment of possible sinks of sea ice in the process of formation and thawing.