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目前,汕头经济特区对国有企业的管理仍较多地照搬内地的管理方式,在管理结构、要素联系及经营机制上存在很多值得探讨的问题。本文拟就汕头特区国有企业面临的三大难题以及深化改革的对策问题发表一些意见。难题之一:产权模糊,缺乏明确的资本利益代表者企业所有者对企业的产权,主要表现在人事决策、收益分配和财务监督上。特区管理委员会代理政府的职权,国有企业的所有权理应由汕头特区管委会行使。但是管委会本身由于要花费大量精力履行政府的行政职能,难以再完整地履行企业所有权职能。从人事权来讲,特区十五家直属公司的经理直接由管委会聘任,这一点并不含糊。但从收益分配上看,税后利润按一定比例(如有些公司40%,有些公司50%)上交管委会,留
At present, the management of state-owned enterprises in the Shantou Special Economic Zone is still copying more of the management methods in the Mainland. There are many problems worth exploring in the management structure, factor linkages and operating mechanisms. This article intends to express some opinions on the three major problems faced by state-owned enterprises in Shantou Special Economic Zone and the measures for deepening reforms. One of the problems: Property rights are ambiguous, and there is a lack of clear capital interests. The property rights of business owners to enterprises are mainly reflected in personnel decisions, income distribution, and financial supervision. The Special Administrative Region Commission acts as the agent of the government. The ownership of state-owned enterprises should be exercised by the Shantou Special Administrative Region. However, because the management committee itself has to spend a lot of energy to perform the administrative functions of the government, it is difficult to fully perform the corporate ownership function. In terms of personnel rights, the managers of 15 directly-affiliated companies in the SAR are directly appointed by the management committee. This is not ambiguous. However, from the point of view of income distribution, after-tax profits are transferred to the management committee according to a certain percentage (for example, 40% for some companies and 50% for some companies).