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1、回顾 当前世界先进国家,几乎无一例外是铁路衰退,高速公路勃起。各国的运输均以公路为主,根本原因在于其灵活、迅速、中转减少、损耗降低、资金周转加快,而且相对来说,在达到一定年运量的情况下,建高速公路比修铁路合算。因此,公路交通运输系统巳成为现代化国家极其重要的设施之一。美国的公路总里程已超过630万km,路网密度大约为68km/100km~2,高速公路长度达8.8万km,可以说得上是密如蛛网、四通八达,是点、线、面整体结合的典型。 我国的公路运输业跟各先进国家相比,还存在很大差距,但从纵向发展来看,变化却是翻天覆地(见表1)。
1, Reviewing the current advanced countries in the world, almost without exception, the railway is in recession and the highway is erected. The basic reason for transportation in all countries are mainly highways. The fundamental reason is that they are flexible and rapid, reducing transit costs, reducing losses and accelerating cash flow. In contrast, when a certain annual traffic is reached, the construction of expressways is more economical than the repair of railways. Therefore, the road transport system has become one of the most important facilities in modernized countries. The total length of highways in the United States has exceeded 6.3 million km, the road network density is about 68km / 100km ~ 2, the length of the expressway is 88,000km, which can be described as densely covered with cobwebs and is a combination of point, line and surface typical. The road transport industry in our country still has a long way to go compared with other advanced countries. However, in terms of longitudinal development, the changes are tremendous (Table 1).