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诺思假定:第一,人类社会是非各态历经世界,其基本特征是不确定性;第二,人类为了理解和控制环境,即建立秩序的努力无所不在。人类通过个体的心智模型产生的信念形成社会文化,以此来感知世界,并依所持有的信念理解环境变化、规范社会和塑造未来;从应对物理环境的不确定性转到人文环境的不确定性,与此同时,从人格化交换向非人格化交换的转变,是人类演化遇到的最大挑战;由于人类的文化信念里包含着非理性和错误的认知,因此历史上的经济体和发展中国家包括苏联等前社会主义国家多数都不能有效地应对这种变化;西方世界的兴起和美国的成功反映出实现长期经济增长需要构建具有适应性效率的结构和体制。
North presumes that: First, human beings have gone through various parts of the world and their basic characteristics are uncertain. Second, human beings are ubiquitous in their efforts to understand and control the environment. Human beings perceive the world through the beliefs created by the individual’s mental model and understand the changes of the environment according to the beliefs they hold. They also regulate the society and shape the future. From the response to the uncertainty of the physical environment to the human environment, Certainty, at the same time, the transition from the personification to the impersonalization is the greatest challenge that humanity has encountered in the evolution. Because of the irrational and erroneous perceptions contained in human cultural beliefs, the history of the economy and its development Most of the former socialist countries, including China and the Soviet Union, can not effectively cope with this change. The rise of the Western world and the success of the United States reflect the need to build an adaptive and efficient structure and system for achieving long-term economic growth.