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自治不仅指与民主政治相联系的自我管理,而且被认为是“一种主权缺失状态”;作为一个应用宽泛的术语,必须根据具体的实践情况来理解。民族自治是在内部自决的意义上被国际法普遍认可的,这一方面是出于对民主、平等、参与的政治理念的深刻反思;另一方面是由于全球族群意识的复兴及随之而来的民族冲突,民族自治被作为一种妥协性的方案,作为预防和解决民族冲突的手段。中国的民族区域自治是单一制下的地域性民族自治,其鲜明的特色主要取决于境内各民族的历史文化及其相互关系的独特性,取决于所依据的马克思主义民族平等理论;它以维护国家统一、民族团结为价值取向,蕴含着民主和发展的基本精神。
Autonomy refers not only to self-management linked to democracy, but also to “a state of lack of sovereignty.” As a broad term, it must be understood in the light of concrete practice. National autonomy is universally recognized in international law in the sense of internal self-determination, on the one hand, for its profound reflection on the political concepts of democracy, equality and participation; on the other hand, due to the revival of global ethnic consciousness and consequent Ethnic conflicts and national autonomy are used as a compromise solution as a means of preventing and resolving ethnic conflicts. China’s ethnic regional autonomy is a regional national autonomy under the single system. Its distinctive features depend mainly on the historical culture of the various nationalities in the country and on the uniqueness of its interdependence, and on the Marxist theory of ethnic equality which is based on it. National unity and national unity are values orientation, which embodies the basic spirit of democracy and development.