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目的 研究列车乘务员寿命水平、疾病特征及主要死因对寿命的损耗 ,为进一步探讨影响列车乘务员健康状况的因素、控制和预防其职业多发病提供依据。方法 运用职业寿命表的方法研究其寿命水平 ,对哈尔滨、齐齐哈尔铁路分局客运段的男、女性乘务员 (共 395 5 3人年 )进行了调查 ,以同期、同地居民为对照。结果 乘务员的职业人群寿命与其职业因素有关。其群体健康水平明显低于同期当地居民 ,前 3种死因顺位依次为恶性肿瘤、脑血管病和心血管病 ;去除前 3种主要死因后 ,乘务员的平均期望寿命的增量高于居民。结论 提示乘务员作业可导致死亡危险性增加 ,尤其是恶性肿瘤的增加。应加强乘务员医疗保健 ,改善工作环境 ,则可望提高其群体健康水平、延长寿命。
Objective To study the life expectancy of train attendants, the characteristics of diseases and the loss of main causes of death. This will provide a basis for further exploring the factors affecting the health status of train attendants and controlling and preventing their occupational morbidity. Methods The occupational life table was used to study the life expectancy. The male and female flight attendants (a total of 395 5 person-years) in Harbin and Qiqihar Railway Passenger Terminals were surveyed and compared with residents of the same period and the same place. Results The life span of the flight attendants’ crew is related to their professional factors. The health level of the group was significantly lower than that of the local residents during the same period. The top three causes of death were malignant tumor, cerebrovascular disease, and cardiovascular disease. After eliminating the three main causes of death, the average life expectancy of flight attendants increased more than residents. Conclusion It is suggested that the flight attendants’ operations can lead to an increased risk of death, especially with increased malignancy. It is expected that the health care of flight attendants will be strengthened and the working environment will be improved.