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特络细胞(Telocytes，TCs)是一种特殊类型的间质细胞，其有小胞体和1～5个(2～3个常见)极长而薄的细胞突起(Telopodes，Tps)。TCs存在于多种器官与组织中，其特殊的形态结构和组织分布特征与器官或组织的生理功能和病理改变有关。迄今为止，在肾、膀胱、输尿管、尿道等组织中也发现TCs，其可通过Tps在间质空间形成错综复杂的3D网络，使TCs与其他细胞相联系，并可通过释放信号分子，向邻近细胞传递化学信号；TCs还可能具有干细胞潜能，或为干细胞的支持细胞。TCs可能在维持泌尿系统生理稳态和促进器官再生方面有巨大潜能。“,”As a special type of interstitial cell with a small cell body and long slender prolongations of telopodes (Tps; 2-3/cell), Telocytes (TCs) are constitutionally present in various kinds of organs and tissues. And its special morphological structure and tissue distribution are correlated with basic physiological functions and pathological alternations of organs and tissues. So far, TCs has been confirmed to exist in kidney, bladder, ureter and urethra. A complicated 3D network may be developed through organ interstitium for communicating with surrounding cells. At the same time, chemical signals may be transmitted to neighboring cells by releasing signal molecules. TCs may differentiate into diverse cell types or stem cells. TCs have great potentials in maintaining physiological homeostasis of urinary system and promoting organ regeneration.