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目的 探讨高寒地区农村冷湿住宅环境对人体健康的影响及成因。方法 观测了吉林省辉南县农村住宅12 5户的 2 13间居室 ,根据冷湿条件对 5 8间居室测定微小气候、墙内、外壁温并调查采暖和保温状况。对居住 5年以上的居民进行健康询问和体检 ,测定其皮肤温度、手指血流图并进行拣珠试验。结果 农村冷湿住宅居民平均皮肤温度和手指皮肤温度、拣珠总个数都低于对照组 ,差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 )。手指皮肤温度与室温呈正相关 (r=0 .7839,P<0 .0 0 5 )。寒冷刺激环境中腰腿痛阳性率与对照组的差异有高度显著性 (P<0 .0 1) ,咽痛、咳嗽、呼吸音粗糙等体征阳性率高于对照组。冷湿住宅与对照组住宅的燃煤与燃柴、砖墙与泥墙、门壁保温良好与不良的比率差异均有高度显著性 (P<0 .0 1)。结论 冷湿住宅环境对人体代谢及末梢血液循环 ,手指精细操作功能 ,腰腿痛 ,上呼吸道炎症的发生均有一定的关系。住宅冷湿环境的形成与门壁保温 ,墙壁材料 ,采暖燃料类型有密切关系。
Objective To explore the impact of cold and wet residential environment on human health and its causes in the alpine region. Methods Two hundred and thirteen rooms of 125 rural households in Huinan County of Jilin Province were observed. The indoor and outdoor wall temperature and temperature were measured in 58 living rooms according to the cold and wet conditions. Residents living for more than 5 years for health inquiry and physical examination, determination of the skin temperature, finger blood flow chart and pick beads test. Results The average skin temperature, the temperature of finger skin and the total number of picking pellets in rural cold and wet residential buildings were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). Finger skin temperature was positively correlated with room temperature (r = 0.7839, P <0.05). The positive rate of low back pain in cold stimulation environment was highly significant compared with the control group (P <0.01). The positive rate of sore throat, cough, rough breathing sounds was higher than that of the control group. The differences of the ratio of good and bad thermal insulation between the brick wall and the mud wall and the door wall were highly significant (P <0.01) in the houses of cold-wet house and control house. Conclusion The environment of cold and wet house has a certain relationship with human metabolism and peripheral blood circulation, fine operation of fingers, low back pain and upper respiratory tract inflammation. The formation of residential cold and wet environment and wall insulation, wall materials, heating fuel types are closely related.