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一公元八、九世纪之交的唐代中期,以柳宗元、刘禹锡为代表的法家唯物主义自然观同以韩愈为代表的儒家唯心主义天命论展开了一场大论战。这场思想战线上的大论战,直接反映了中唐政治、经济领域中儒法两家保守与革新、分裂与统一的激烈斗争。当时,经过长达八年之久的“安史之乱”,唐王朝由全盛走向了衰落。由于藩镇割据,宦官擅权,大地主阶级疯狂兼并土地,阶级矛盾日益激化。农民反抗地主阶级残酷的经济剥削和政治压迫的斗争此起彼伏,一场新的农民革命战争风暴正在酝酿。面对这种阶级斗争形势,中小地主阶级中的一些革新人士,为了巩固和强化中央集权的封建统一国家,形成了以法家王叔文、王伾为首的革新派,于公元805年发动“永贞革新”,锋芒直指以宦官、藩镇为代表的大地主保守派。但在保守势力猖狂反扑下,革新运动不到六个月就失败了。革新派人士横遭打击。柳宗元、刘禹锡等革新派主要成员,被贬谪边域。保守派掀起了尊儒反法逆流,韩愈重弹天命论,恶毒攻击法家的革新路线。柳宗元、刘禹锡为捍卫和坚持革新路线,继承和发扬了法家反对天命的战斗传统,不顾艰难处境,批儒学,斥天命,同韩愈在自然观上展开针锋相对的斗争。柳宗元的《天说》和
From the eighth to the ninth centuries, in the middle of the Tang Dynasty, the view of the materialist nature of the legalists, represented by Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi, launched a grand debate with Han Yu, the Confucian idealist destiny. The great debate on this ideological front directly reflected the fierce struggle between Confucianism and Legalism in the political and economic fields in the mid-Tang Dynasty, which were conservative, innovative, split and united. At that time, after eight years of “An Shih chaos”, the Tang dynasty from decline to prosperity. Due to the separatism of the military governors and the eunuchs, the great landlords were crazy about annexing the land and the class contradictions were increasingly intensified. The struggle of the peasantry against the brutal economic exploitation and political oppression of the landlord class comes one after another, and a new peasant revolutionary war storm is brewing. Faced with this situation of class struggle, some innovators in the small and medium-sized landowners, in order to consolidate and strengthen the centralized feudal unified state, formed a reformist faction led by the legalists Wang Shuwen and Wang Tuan, and launched “Yongzhen Innovation ”, directed at the eunuch eunuchs, military governors as the representative of the conservative landlords. However, with the frenzied counterattack by the conservative forces, the reform movement failed in less than six months. Innocent people have been hit. Liu Zongyuan, Liu Yuxi and other key members of the reformists were relegated to the frontier. Conservatives set off against Confucianism and anti-France counter-current, Han Yu rebels fate, life-threatening attack on the legal innovation of the line. Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi, in order to defend and adhere to the line of reform, inherit and carry forward the legal tradition of opposing the destiny of the legalists, disregard the difficult situation, criticize Confucianism and denounce the destiny, and carry out the tit-for-tat struggle against nature with Han Yu. Liu Zongyuan’s “God said” and