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说到数学建模,首先要说清楚什么是数学模型。狭义的讲是指反映特定问题或具体事物系统的数学结构关系。如平均分发东西的数学模型是分数,计算元角分的数学模型是小数,500个学生里肯定有两个人生日相同,其数学模型就是抽屉原理等。具体的说,数学中各种基本概念、公式、算法以及定律规则都是数学模型。顾名思义,小学生数学建模就是建立这些数学模型,数学建模能力就是小学生在探寻数学问题的本质规律,建立公式、规则以及定律并使之运用于其实际中进行解决问题的一种能力。笔者认为,小学生建模能力主要是指数学阅读理解能力,数学化能力,合情推理能力以及数学问题求解能力,培养小学生数学建模能力的关键还是要从培养这“四种能力”上下功夫。
Speaking of mathematical modeling, we must first make it clear what is a mathematical model. In narrow sense, it refers to the mathematical structural relationship that reflects a specific problem or system of specific things. Such as the average distribution of things is a mathematical mathematical model, the calculation of the mathematical angle of the mathematical model is a decimal, 500 students must have two people the same birthday, the mathematical model is the drawer principle. Specifically, mathematical basic concepts, formulas, algorithms and rules of law are mathematical models. As its name implies, pupil mathematical modeling is to establish these mathematical models. Mathematical modeling ability is the ability of pupils to explore the essence of mathematical problems, establish formulas, rules and laws and apply them to solve problems in their practical situations. The author believes that the primary ability of modeling students refers to the ability of mathematical reading comprehension, mathematical ability, reasoning reasoning ability and mathematical problem solving ability, training primary school mathematics modeling ability of the key is to cultivate this “four abilities” from top to bottom effort.