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形成于上世纪50年代的传统户籍制度,是计划经济环境下中国城鄉分隔体制的核心。以户籍为基础,建立起了截然分开的城鄉两个社会系统。城鄉居民被分别划入不同的劳动就业、供应、医疗和社会保障体系。由鄉村体系进入城镇体系的前提是改变户口性质,即由农业户口转为非农业户口。以严格的户籍管理为基础的城鄉分隔体制,不仅带来城镇和鄉村地区之间巨大的发展水平差异,给城鄉居民在个人发展机会以及享有的社会福利方面造成的差距更加驚人。绝大多数农
The traditional household registration system, formed in the 1950s, is the core of China’s urban-rural separation system in a planned economy. Based on household registration, the two social systems in urban and rural areas have been established. Urban and rural residents are divided into different labor and employment, supply, medical and social security systems. From the rural system into the urban system, the premise is to change the nature of hukou, that is, from agricultural account to non-agricultural account. The separation of urban and rural areas based on strict household registration management not only brings about a huge difference in the level of development between urban and rural areas, but also creates even more alarming gaps for urban and rural residents in terms of opportunities for personal development and the social welfare they enjoy. Most farmers