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目的了解江西省兴国县甲型病毒性肝炎(简称甲肝)流行情况,为兴国县甲肝疫情预防控制工作提供科学依据。方法利用疾病监测信息报告管理系统报告的数据,分析兴国县甲型肝炎的流行病学特征以及评价托幼儿童和中小学生实施甲型肝炎疫苗预防接种的效果。结果 2005—2010年兴国县累计报告甲肝病例394例,年平均发病率10.01/10万,发病以春、秋季为主;城区发病最高,占病例总数的52.03%;男女发病比为2.55∶1,0～19岁组占病例总数的81.47%;学生占总发病数的69.04%;对托幼儿童和中小学生实施甲肝疫苗预防接种后,20个月以来甲肝发病率明显降低(χ2=29.75,P<0.01)。结论兴国县甲肝流行态势严峻,应重点强化甲肝的防治工作;大规模推广接种甲肝疫苗,能大量减少易感人群数量,提高整个人群的免疫水平;逐步构筑人群的群体免疫屏障,必将有效控制甲肝的流行。
Objective To understand the prevalence of hepatitis A virus in Xingguo County of Jiangxi Province and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of hepatitis A in Xingguo County. Methods The data of disease surveillance information report management system was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A in Xingguo County and the effects of hepatitis A vaccination on nursery children and primary and secondary school students. Results In 2005-2010, a total of 394 cases of hepatitis A were reported in Xingguo County, with an average annual incidence of 10.01 / 100000. The incidence was mainly in spring and autumn. The highest incidence was in urban area, accounting for 52.03% of the total cases. The incidence of male and female was 2.55: 1, 0 to 19 years old group accounted for 81.47% of the total number of cases; students accounted for 69.04% of the total number of cases; children with kindergarten and primary and secondary vaccination against hepatitis A vaccine after 20 months, the incidence of hepatitis A decreased significantly (χ2 = 29.75, P <0.01). Conclusions The epidemic situation of hepatitis A in Xingguo County is severe, and the prevention and cure of hepatitis A should be emphasized. Large-scale popularization and vaccination of hepatitis A vaccine can greatly reduce the number of susceptible populations and raise the immunological level of the whole population. To gradually build a population immune barrier will inevitably effectively control Hepatitis A epidemic.