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Objective:To assess the effect of cyclosporine A (CsA) loaded in chitosan conduit on bridging the sciatic nerve defects in a rat model.Methods:A 10 mm sciatic nerve defect was bridged using a chitosan conduit filled with 10 μl carrier-drug dilution (10 μg/L CsA).In control group,the conduit was filled with the same volume of carrier dilution alone.The regenerated fibers were studied 4,8 and 12 weeks after surgery.Results:The functional study confirmed faster recovery of the regenerated axons in treatment group than control group (P＜0.05).There was statistically significant difference of the gastrocnemius muscle weight ratios between treatment and control groups (P＜0.05).Morphometric indices of regenerated fibers showed that the number and diameter of the myelinated fibers in CsA-treated animals were significantly higher than those in control group.In immunohistochemistry,the location of reactions to S-100 in CsA group was clearly more positive than control group.Conclusion:CsA loaded in a chitosan conduit results in improvement of functional recovery and quantitative morphometric indices of sciatic nerve.It is easily available without any complications compared with its systemic administration.