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为了探明秸秆覆盖栽培对西瓜产量及土壤水分的影响,选用玉米秸秆在生育期设置地表全覆盖(WM)、行间覆盖(SM)和根域覆盖(RM)3个覆盖处理,以不覆盖为对照(CK),研究不同秸秆覆盖方式对旱作西瓜不同生育时期土壤总贮水量、不同深度土壤含水量及产量的影响.结果表明:秸秆地表全覆盖和根域覆盖处理显著提高了西瓜全生育期根域和行间0~120 cm的土壤含水量和贮水量,且伸蔓后期以后的土壤贮水量根域高于行间;秸秆覆盖处理对西瓜伸蔓后期至膨大前期的土壤含水量影响最大,随着西瓜的生长发育,秸秆覆盖处理提高根域土壤含水量的幅度增加,深度下延.秸秆覆盖处理提高西瓜产量主要受根域土壤水分条件改善的影响;各覆盖处理均显著提高了西瓜的产量和水分利用效率,WM、SM和RM处理的增产幅度分别为24.8%、11.5%和15.1%,水分利用效率分别提高了42.7%、24.3%和29.4%.以地表全覆盖13500 kg·hm-2秸秆量的处理蓄水保墒、提高西瓜产量和水分利用效率的效果最显著.
In order to find out the effect of straw mulching cultivation on watermelon yield and soil moisture, corn stalks were selected to cover three stages: surface covered (WM), intercropped (SM) and root covered (RM) As control (CK), the effects of different straw mulching methods on soil total water storage and soil water content and yield at different depths were studied.The results showed that straw mulching and root mulching significantly increased the watermelon The soil water content and water storage capacity of 0 ~ 120 cm in the root zone and the rows during the growth period were higher than those in the late growth stage. With the growth and development of watermelon, straw mulching increased the amplitude of soil water content in the root zone, and decreased in depth.The straw mulching treatment increased the yield of watermelon mainly due to the improvement of soil moisture conditions in the root zone; The yield and water use efficiency of watermelon were 24.8%, 11.5% and 15.1% for WM, SM and RM, respectively, and the water use efficiency increased by 42.7%, 24.3% and 29.4% respectively. The total surface coverage of 13,500 kg · hm-2 straw amount of water storage and soil conservation, improve watermelon yield and water use efficiency of the most significant effect.