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《克力同》篇是柏拉图对话全集中的最简短的一篇,它所描述的是:当克力同得知得洛斯的船第二天即将回来——苏格拉底面临死亡——的前一天,克力同对苏格拉底的劝逃。柏拉图的所有著作几乎都是对哲人与城邦关系这一问题的探讨:不论是描述苏格拉底死前的勇敢,与其门徒对“正义”、“不朽”的讨论的《斐多》;还是描绘苏格拉底在雅典法庭上从容不迫地为自己辩护的《申辩》;或是脍炙人口的《理想国》等等。它们都是柏拉图借老师苏格拉底之口在阐释自己的观点。本文主要分为以下四个部分:第一,解释柏拉图特别的写作手法——戏剧,并由此来引出哲人与城邦的问题。柏拉图认为,诗可以很好地感化民众,而传统神话中包含着漏洞。故他将故事写成戏剧来重讲神话,以希望能重整城邦秩序。再者是柏拉图的诗教及写作。第二,分析哲人与城邦之冲突的原因:首先,哲人与大众是对立的。哲人拥有独特的天资,他们热爱并追求超越于大众意见之上的真理;而大众则信赖传统,人与亦云。其次,哲人与民众比起来总是处于少数人的地位。第三,细述为什么柏拉图要将苏格拉底塑造为政治哲人的形象。第四,由以上分析,进而提出以下观点:柏拉图希望通过塑造苏格拉底的政治哲人形象而使哲人与城邦的关系融洽。在他看来,哲人才是真正关心城邦生存的人,而哲学则有利于城邦。他将苏格拉底塑造成政治哲人的形象,从而改变哲人们以往在城邦中的无用有害的印象,使哲人在城邦能够获得生存之地。
The book “Khalili” is the shortest one in the complete collection of Platonic conversations, describing what it was like to be back the next day when Cretan was getting acquainted with Los’s ship-before Socrates was facing death One day, Cretis persuaded Socrates. Almost all of Plato’s work deals with the question of the relationship between philosophers and city-states: whether it is the description of the courage before Socrates ’death, the “Fido” with his disciples’ discussion of “justice ”, “immortality Or a ”defense" of Socrates’ self-defending pleas to court in Athens; They are all Platonic interpretations of their own views through the mouth of the teacher Socrates. This article is mainly divided into the following four parts: First, to explain Plato’s special writing technique - drama, and thus leads to philosophers and city-state issues. Plato believes that poetry can well influence the public, but traditional mythology contains loopholes. Therefore, he wrote the story as a drama to rephrase the myth, hoping to restructure the city order. Another is Plato’s poetry and writing. Second, the reasons for analyzing the clashes between the philosophers and the city-states: First, philosophers are opposed to the general public. Philosophers have unique talents, they love and pursue the truth above the public opinion; and the public rely on the tradition, people and also clouds. Second, philosophers are always in the minority with the public. Third, why Plato tried to portray Socrates as the image of a political philosopher. Fourthly, from the above analysis, I further put forward the following viewpoints: Plato hopes to harmonize philosophers with the city-state by shaping the image of Socrates. In his view, philosophers are those who really care about the survival of the city-state, while philosophy is good for the city-state. He portrayed Socrates as the image of political philosophers, thus changing the former philanthropic impressions of the philosophers in the city-state and enabling philosophers to survive in the city-state.