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暴恐事件的频发严重影响了国际社会的安全和秩序,给客运、货运安全带来了前所未有的挑战.有效打击恐怖活动,保障人身、财产安全,是国内乃至全球公共安全领域的重要诉求.因此,如何通过高技术手段提升安全检查能力,成为人们关注的重要问题和研究热点.随着具有穿透能力的X射线技术的飞速发展,使用X射线对藏匿于货物、行李及人体内外的爆炸物及违禁品进行检查,日益成为目前行之有效的技术手段.特别是近几十年来,利用X射线所具有的多种与物质相互作用机制,研究和发展出多种查验技术,为公共安全提供了重要保障,表现出极其广泛的应用前景.本文对基于X射线的透视成像、散射成像、X-CT成像、能谱成像、衍射XRD、相衬成像等安全检查技术做了全面介绍,针对主要技术的物理机制、应用特点及其研究进展进行了论述,并对新技术的研究及应用作了展望,以期进一步推动X射线技术在公共安全领域发挥更加重要的作用.
The frequent occurrence of terrorist attacks has seriously affected the security and order of the international community and posed unprecedented challenges to the passenger transport and cargo security. Effective combat against terrorism and the protection of personal and property security are important appeals in the domestic and global public safety fields. Therefore, how to enhance safety inspection capability through high-tech means has become an important issue and a research hot spot.With the rapid development of penetrating X-ray technology, the use of X-ray radiation to hide in the cargo, luggage and inside and outside the body Inspection of objects and contraband is increasingly becoming an effective technical means at present.Especially in recent decades, many kinds of inspection technologies have been researched and developed by means of the interaction of various substances with matter of X-ray, Provides an important guarantee, showing a very wide range of application prospects.This paper introduces the X-ray-based perspective imaging, scattering imaging, X-CT imaging, energy spectrum imaging, diffraction XRD, phase contrast imaging and other safety inspection techniques are fully described, The main mechanism of the physical mechanism, application characteristics and research progress are discussed, and the development of new technologies and applications made To further promote the X-ray technology to play a more important role in the field of public safety.