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萨缪尔森《经济学》在谈到需求曲线时指出,价格以外影响需求的因素有4个:收入、市场规模、替代物、消费者偏好。 按现有的收入水平,中国人能够买得起汽车的总该有几百万,但实际上私人汽车仍然很少,规模不大的汽车工业笼罩在生产过剩的阴影中,这是为什么? 因为有替代物。老百姓靠自行车、公共汽车、长途公共汽车、火车甚至农用车、拖拉机来满足行的需要,还不到非买私人汽车不可的地步。官员们有公车可坐,何苦自己掏腰包买车?而且自己买车还会惹来麻烦,因为有人会查一番“车是怎么来的”?
Speaking of the demand curve, Samuelson’s Economics pointed out that there are four factors that affect demand beyond the price: income, market size, alternatives, and consumer preferences. According to the current income level, there are always millions of Chinese people who can afford to buy a car. In fact, there are still very few private cars. The small-scale automobile industry is shrouded in the shadow of over-production. Why? Because There are alternatives. People rely on bicycles, buses, long-distance buses, trains and even agricultural vehicles, tractors to meet the needs of the line, not to buy private cars is not essential. Officials have a bus to sit, why bother to buy a car? Moreover, buying a car will cause trouble, because someone will check some “car is how come”?