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干旱对小麦产量有重要影响,蜡质与抗旱性关系密切,因此蜡质对小麦抗旱性和生产非常重要。蜡质具有防止水分的非气孔散失和气体交换、保护植物免受紫外线和强光辐射等生物和非生物胁迫的危害等重要生理功能。蜡质的合成过程非常复杂,大量的基因和转录因子参与了蜡质的合成和调控。蜡质的合成和运转受到转录、转录后和翻译水平的复杂调控,目前认为主要途径是转录水平的调节。干旱胁迫可以诱导植物蜡质含量的升高,组成和形态结构也随之改变,蜡质含量的升高和组成形态的改变反过来可以增强抗旱性。小麦蜡质可以显著提高光合作用与蒸腾作用的比值,最终提高籽粒和生物学产量。有关小麦蜡质的研究进展非常缓慢,小麦中具有独特的β-二酮蜡质合成途径,β-二酮的大量合成对小麦蜡质形态结构的影响、蜡质的合成和调控及其影响小麦抗旱性的生理机制都亟待深入研究。
Drought has a significant impact on wheat yield, and waxiness is closely related to drought resistance, so waxiness is very important for drought resistance and production of wheat. Wax has important physiological functions such as preventing the loss of non-stomata of moisture and gas exchange and protecting plants from the biological and abiotic stresses such as ultraviolet radiation and intense light radiation. The process of waxy synthesis is very complex, a large number of genes and transcription factors involved in waxy synthesis and regulation. The synthesis and operation of waxy are under the complex regulation of transcription, posttranscriptional and translational levels. At present, the main pathway is thought to be the regulation of transcriptional level. Drought stress can induce plant wax content increase, the composition and morphology of the structure also changes, wax content increased and compositional changes in morphology can in turn enhance drought resistance. Wheat wax can significantly increase the ratio of photosynthesis to transpiration, ultimately increasing grain and biological yield. The research on wheat waxy is very slow, the unique β-diketone pathway in wheat, the effect of β-diketone synthesis on wax morphology, the synthesis and regulation of waxy wheat and its influence on wheat Physiological mechanisms of drought resistance are in urgent need of further study.