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了解食管癌高发区Ｂａｒｒｅｔｔ＇ｓ食管（ＢＥ）的患病率及ＢＥ与食管腺癌的关系。对３３１例河南省食管癌高发区农村自然人群进行了Ｂａｒｒｅｔ＇ｓ食管的内镜普查和病理组织学检查。同时对１４例来自门诊的Ｂａｒｒｅｔｔ＇ｓ食管病人的活检标本，用免疫组织化学染色的方法检测了抗癌基因Ｐ５３的表达。结果显示：该人群Ｅａｒｒｅｔｔ＇ｓ食管患病率为０．９１％，返流性食管炎的检出率为７．６％。抗癌基因Ｐ５３在１４例Ｂａｒｒｅｔｔ＇ｓ食管标本中阳性表达率为４２％。其中５０％阳性表达的标本伴有不典型增生。Ｐ５３阳性表达可能是Ｂａｒｒｅｔｔ＇ｓ食管上皮到食管腺癌发生过程中一个极早期的改变。对Ｂａｒｒｅｔｔ＇ｓ食管伴有不典型增生或肿瘤基因表达阳性者应视为高危人群，对他们进行重点预防和阻断治疗是必要的。
To understand the prevalence of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and the relationship between BE and esophageal adenocarcinoma in high-risk areas of esophageal cancer. The endoscopic survey and histopathological examination of Barret’s esophagus were performed on 331 rural natural populations in high-incidence areas of Henan Province. At the same time, 14 cases of Barrett’s esophageal patients from the outpatients biopsy specimens were detected by immunohistochemical staining of anti-oncogene P53 expression. The results showed that the prevalence rate of patients with Earrett’s esophagus was 0.91%, and the detection rate of reflux esophagitis was 7.6%. The positive expression rate of anti-oncogene P53 in 14 Barrett’s esophageal specimens was 42%. 50% of the positively expressed specimens were associated with dysplasia. The positive expression of P53 may be an extremely early change in Barrett’s esophageal epithelium to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Patients with Barrett’s esophagus with dysplasia or positive tumor gene expression should be regarded as a high-risk group. It is necessary to focus on preventing and blocking treatment.