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目的分析丰城市1950～2009年麻疹流行病学特征,为控制和消除麻疹提供依据。方法对麻疹发病情况进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 1950～2009丰城市共报告麻疹病例218086例,年均发病率398.28/10万。发病率最高是1971年,最低是1989年,不同年代发病率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.005)。农村病例占总数的96.70%。发病年龄主要以<15岁为主,占91.65%,但2005～2009年<1岁和≥15岁人群构成比上升明显,分别为34.78～40.74%、8.70～17.81%。60～80年代初发病时间先后出现两个流行高峰,3～6月和11月～次年1月,90年代和21世纪时间分布为明显的3～6月单峰高发。结论丰城市麻疹发病率相对稳定,发病年龄呈现“双向移位”趋势,给麻疹控制和消除工作带来挑战,要达到消除目标,除了要做好常规免疫外,建立和完善查验证预防接种证制度,加强成人麻疹监测和免疫具有重要意义。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles from 1950 to 2009 in Fengcheng City and provide the basis for the control and elimination of measles. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis of the incidence of measles. Results A total of 218086 cases of measles were reported in Fengcheng City from 1950 to 2009, with an average annual incidence of 398.28 / 100 000. The highest incidence was 1971, the lowest was 1989, the incidence of different age difference was statistically significant (P <0.005). Rural cases accounted for 96.70% of the total. The age of onset was mainly <15 years, accounting for 91.65%. However, the proportions of people aged <1 and ≥15 years in 2005-2009 increased significantly from 34.78% to 40.74% and 8.70% to 17.81% respectively. There were two epidemic peaks in the onset of disease from the early 1960s to the early 1980s. The distribution of monsoon peaked from March to June and November to January, 1990, and 21st century was obviously high from March to June. Conclusion The incidence of measles in Fengcheng City is relatively stable and the age of onset presents a trend of “bidirectional shift ”, which poses a challenge to the control and elimination of measles. To achieve the goal of eliminating measles, besides routine immunization, Vaccination card system, to strengthen adult measles surveillance and immunization of great significance.