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目的掌握云南省炭疽流行现状,评估疫情风险,为制定防治措施提供依据。方法搜集全省炭疽疫情信息,建立病例个案数据库,重点分析疾病分布规律和危险因素,评估疫情发生风险,进而提出防控措施。结果近几年全省炭疽疫情总体平稳,无暴发疫情发生。57例病例分布于13个历史疫区县,高温、潮湿多雨的夏秋季多发,以青壮年农民为主,男性多于女性。病例均为皮肤炭疽,实验室诊断病例占14.03%。疫区群众健康知晓率为35.09%,及时就医率为45.61%,96.49%的病例为在接触病、死牲畜的过程中通过破损皮肤感染。结论云南省炭疽疫源地长期持续存在,较为活跃,疫区群众健康意识差,疫情风险评估为“高风险”级别,有发生其他类型炭疽流行和疫情点状暴发的可能。加强疫情监测和健康教育,提高实验室检测能力,建立联防联控机制是今后防控工作的重点。
Objective To grasp the current situation of anthrax epidemic in Yunnan Province, assess the risk of outbreak and provide the basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods To collect information on anthrax epidemic in the whole province, establish case database, focus on the distribution of disease and risk factors, evaluate the risk of outbreak, and put forward prevention and control measures. Results In recent years, the overall incidence of anthrax in the whole province has been stable and no outbreak has occurred. 57 cases were distributed in 13 counties of historical epidemic area, with high temperature, wet and rainy summer and autumn, mainly young and middle-aged peasants, more males than females. Cases were skin anthrax, laboratory diagnosis of cases accounted for 14.03%. The rate of public health awareness in affected areas was 35.09% and the rate of prompt medical treatment was 45.61%. 96.49% of the cases were infected through damaged skin during contact with animals and dead animals. Conclusion The anthrax epidemic areas in Yunnan Province persist for a long time and are relatively active. The health awareness among epidemic areas is poor, and the epidemic risk assessment is “high-risk”. There is a possibility that other types of anthrax epidemics and outbreaks of epidemic situations may occur. Strengthening epidemic situation monitoring and health education, improving laboratory testing capability and establishing a joint prevention and control mechanism are the key points in future prevention and control work.