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肿瘤的早期诊断是目前临床医学最具挑战性的问题之一.分子诊断不仅能对肿瘤早期做出确切的诊断,而且能对肿瘤分期、分型、疗效监测和预后评估做出判断.硅纳米线作为新型一维半导体纳米材料,具有超高灵敏度、专一选择性、无标记检测、快速实时响应等独特优势,在近年来的生物医学检测应用,特别是肿瘤的分子诊断方面引起了极大的关注.基于此,本文介绍了硅纳米线场效应晶体管(FET)的工作原理、硅纳米线的制备方法、传感灵敏度的影响因素,综述了硅纳米线FET生物传感器在肿瘤分子诊断中的应用(包括核酸的定性与定量检测、肿瘤蛋白标志物检测、以及分子间相互作用研究),并展望了硅纳米线生物传感器的未来发展趋势,希望能为硅纳米线在肿瘤早期诊断的进一步应用提供一定的参考.
The early diagnosis of cancer is one of the most challenging clinical problems in clinic.Diagnostic molecular diagnosis can not only make an accurate diagnosis of the early stage of the tumor, but also make judgment on the staging, typing, curative effect monitoring and prognosis evaluation of the tumor.Nano- As a new type of one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterials, the unique advantages of ultra-high sensitivity, selective selectivity, unlabeled detection and fast real-time response have led to a great deal of biomedical detection applications in recent years, especially in the molecular diagnosis of tumors This article introduces the working principle of the silicon nanowire field effect transistor (FET), the preparation method of the silicon nanowire and the influencing factors of the sensitivity of the sensor, and reviews the application of the silicon nanowire FET biosensor in the molecular diagnosis of tumors Applications (including qualitative and quantitative detection of nucleic acids, detection of tumor protein markers and molecular interactions), and prospects of the future development trend of silicon nanowire biosensors, hoping to further the application of silicon nanowires in the early diagnosis of tumors Provide some reference