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抗战时期,国民政府行政系统被打乱。为实现抗战建国,提高行政效率,蒋介石旋即厘定军政系统,精简行政机构。抗战相持阶段,蒋介石在国防最高委员会下,成立中央设计局、党政工作考核委员会等机构,不遗余力推进改革,如事权关系研究,简化行政程序,推进作风建设,精简骈枝机关,裁汰冗员。从这一过程可以进一步反思几个问题,即行政改革的推动力与行政系统的执行力,行政改革的制度化与权威人物的随意性,行政改革的时机选择与政治环境的适应性。战时国民政府行政机构改革效果不彰,未能为战后“接收”与宪政实施奠定组织基础,改革走上了一条不归路。
During the war of resistance against Japan, the administrative system of the National Government was disrupted. In order to realize the war of resistance against Japan and the improvement of administrative efficiency, Chiang Kai-shek immediately determined the military and political system and streamlined the administrative structure. During the phase of the war of resistance against Japan, Chiang Kai-shek established the Central Design Bureau and the Party and government work evaluation committees under the National Defense Supreme Committee to spare no efforts to promote reforms such as the study of the relationship between personnel and authority, simplification of administrative procedures, promotion of work style construction, simplification of branches and removal of redundancies. From this process, we can further reflect on several issues, that is, the driving force of administrative reform and the executive power of the administrative system, the institutionalization of administrative reform and the arbitrariness of the authoritative figures, the timing of administrative reform and the adaptability of the political environment. The reform of the administrative structure of the Kuomintang government was ineffective in wartime, failed to lay the organizational foundation for post-war “acceptance ” and the implementation of constitutional government, and the reform embarked on a path of no return.