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对22份“十五”攻关培育的创新种质和22份大豆育成品种进行了24个SSR标记的分析比较,目的是在分子水平上阐明创新种质的遗传结构特点,为拓宽我国大豆育成品种遗传基础及亲本选择提供理论依据。本研究在24个SSR位点共检测出231个等位变异,其中15.8%(36个等位变异)为创新种质所特有,特别是在与大豆胞囊线虫紧密连锁的Satt309位点上验证了一个我国独有的等位变异。结合UPGMA和Model-based聚类结果,将创新种质和育成品种分为4组,第Ⅰ组由13份来自东北和山西的创新种质组成;第Ⅱ组由8份来自东北的育成品种组成;第Ⅲ组由8份来自黄淮海和南方的大豆种质组成,其中创新种质和育成品种各为4份;第Ⅳ组由4份育成品种组成,分别来自吉林、黑龙江、河南和山西。遗传多样性分析结果表明,利用国外种质和野生大豆创造的创新种质丰富了东北地区育成品种的遗传多样性。因此,应加强利用国外种质、我国栽培大豆地方品种和野生大豆等优异资源,在创造优异大豆新种质的同时,拓宽我国大豆的遗传基础。
Twenty-four SSR markers were compared among 22 “15” germplasm cultivars and 22 soybean cultivars. The aim was to elucidate the genetic structure of innovative germplasm at the molecular level, Bred varieties genetic basis and selection of parents to provide a theoretical basis. In this study, 231 alleles were detected at 24 SSR loci, of which 15.8% (36 alleles) were characteristic of innovative germplasm, especially at the Satt309 locus tightly linked to soybean cyst nematode A unique allelic variation in China. Based on UPGMA and Model-based clustering results, the innovation germplasm and bred cultivars were divided into four groups, the first group consisted of 13 innovative germplasms from the Northeast and Shanxi; the second group consisted of eight bred varieties from the Northeast ; Group III consisted of 8 soybean germplasms from Huang-Huai-Hai and South China, of which 4 were new germplasm and cultivars; and Group IV consisted of 4 cultivars, respectively from Jilin, Heilongjiang, Henan and Shanxi. The results of genetic diversity analysis showed that the innovative germplasm created by foreign germplasm and wild soybean enriched the genetic diversity of breeding cultivars in Northeast China. Therefore, we should strengthen the use of foreign germplasm, cultivated soybean and other local varieties of wild soybean and other excellent resources in China, to create a good new soybean germplasm at the same time, broaden the genetic basis of China’s soybean.