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目的 :为经口咽至斜坡区的手术入路提供解剖基础。方法 :整颅 60个 ,颅的水平切面 2 0个 ,正中矢状切面 2 0个 ;头颈部尸体标本 2 5个 ,其中 10个行正中矢状切面。测量切牙孔、前、后鼻棘至咽结节的距离 ;咽结节、正中线与卵圆孔、颈静脉、颈动脉管外口和舌下神经管外口内缘以及与枕骨大孔前端的间距 ;测量斜坡高及其上、中、下段的厚度。斜坡区硬膜的厚度以及观测蝶窦与斜坡的位置关系等。结果 :正中线距卵圆孔内侧缘、破裂孔、颈动脉管外口、舌下神经管外口内侧缘分别为 2 3 .3 3± 2 .0 4mm ,10 .5 4±2 .65mm ,2 5 .2 4± 2 .85mm和 17.18± 1.86mm。斜坡的高和上、中、下段的厚度分别为 3 4.63± 4.3 6mm和 17.78± 3 .72mm ,10 .46± 2 .40mm ,7.3 6± 1.91mm。结论 :切牙孔或前鼻棘至咽结节的深度为 70 .99mm和 78.2 7mm ,切开咽后壁至颅底外面 ,以咽结节为圆心 ,以 2 0mm为半径作圆行斜坡区开骨窗 ,可有效防止伤及舌下神经、颈内动脉等
OBJECTIVE: To provide an anatomical basis for surgical approaches through the oropharynx to the slopes. Methods: There were 60 whole cranial skulls, 20 horizontal skulls and 20 normal median sagittal skulls. There were 25 corpse specimens of head and neck, of which 10 had a median sagittal plane. Measuring the distance between the incisor hole, anterior and posterior nasal spines to the pharyngeal nodule; pharynx nodules, midline and foramen ovale, jugular vein, external and internal hypoglossal canal outer mouth and frontal foramen magnum ; Measure the height of the ramp and the thickness of its upper, middle and lower sections. The thickness of the dural area and the relationship between the position of the sphenoid sinus and the slope. Results: The midline distance from the medial edge of the foramen ovale, the ruptured hole, the outer mouth of the carotid artery and the outer edge of the hypoglossal canal were 23.3 ± 2.04mm, 10.54 ± 2.65mm, 2 5 .2 4 ± 2 .85 mm and 17.18 ± 1.86 mm. The height of the slope and the thickness of the upper, middle and lower sections are respectively 3.63 ± 4.3 6mm and 17.78 ± 3.72mm, 10.46 ± 2.40mm and 7.36 ± 1.91mm. Conclusion: The depth of the incisor or anterior nasal spine to the pharynx nodules is 70.9mm and 78.27mm. The pharyngeal posterior wall is cut to the outside of skull base, Open the bone window, can effectively prevent the injury of the hypoglossal nerve, internal carotid artery