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鸦片战争的失败的根本理由是我们的落伍。我们的军器和军队是中古的军队,我们的政府是中古的政府,我们的人民,连士大夫阶级在内,是中古的人民。我们虽拚命抵抗终归失败,那是自然的,逃不脱的。从民族的历史看,鸦片战争的军事失败还不是民族致命伤。失败以后还不明了失败的理由力图改革,那才是民族的致命伤。倘使同治光绪年间的改革移到道光咸丰年间,我们的近代化就要比日本早二十年。远东的近代史就要完全变更面目。可惜道光咸丰年间的人没有领受军事失败的教训,战后与战前完全一样,麻木不仁,妄自尊大。直到咸丰末年英法联军攻进了北京,然后有少数人觉悟了,知道非学西洋不可。所以我们说,
The fundamental reason for the failure of the Opium War is our outdated. Our army and army are the armies of the Middle Ages. Our government is a medieval government. Our people, including the class of husband and children, are middle-aged people. Although we desperately resist the failure, it is natural and can not escape. Judging from the history of the nation, the military failure of the Opium War is not yet a mortal wound for the nation. After the failure is still not clear the reasons for the failure of trying to reform, that is the nation’s fatal injury. If the reform of the Tongzhi Emperor Guangxu moved to Daoguang Xianfeng years, our modernization will be 20 years earlier than Japan. The modern history of the Far East will completely change its face. Unfortunately, those who did not receive the lessons of military failure during the Dawning Xianfeng period were exactly the same after the war as they did before the war. They were insensitive and arrogant. Until the last years of Xianfeng British-French coalition scored Beijing, and then a few people realize that they can learn non-school. So we say