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为阐明长期施用氮磷钾化肥(NPK)以及化肥有机肥配施(NPKM)对土壤无机磷组分的影响,采用蒋柏藩-顾益初无机磷分级体系,观测了我国6种典型农田土壤-红壤、紫色土、潮土、塿土、灰漠土和黑土15年长期施肥土壤无机磷形态和Olsen-P含量的变化。NPKM能比NPK更显著地增加土壤中全磷含量;能显著提高土壤Ca2-P的含量,在塿土中其提高量是NPK处理的4.07倍。施肥主要是增加了Ca8-P、Al-P和Fe-P含量,红壤Al-P、Fe-P增加量最大,分别达到237.7 mg kg-1和277.7 mg kg-1;NPKM对增加土壤Olsen-P含量的效果更加显著,在黑土和红壤中,其含量分别高达121.4 mg kg-1和98.4 mg kg-1;塿土和黑土Olsen-P含量比试验开始时分别增加了18.4和9.1倍。化肥有机肥配施对增加无机磷各组分和速效磷含量效果显著,主要增加Ca8-P、Al-P和Fe-P等活性较高的无机磷,黑土和红壤中Olsen-P含量达到较高水平,Ca8-P、Al-P或Fe-P为Olsen-P的主要磷源。
In order to clarify the effects of NPK fertilizers (NPK) and inorganic fertilizers (NPKM) on soil inorganic P fractions, we used the inorganic phosphorus classification system of Jiang Baofan - Gu Yichu to study the effects of NPK, Changes of Inorganic Phosphorus Forms and Olsen-P Content in Soils, Soil, Humidity, Loam, Gray Desert and Black Soil after Long-term Fertilization for 15 Years. NPKM can significantly increase the total phosphorus content in soil than NPK. It can significantly increase the content of Ca2-P in soil, which is 4.07 times of that in NPK treatment. Fertilization mainly increased the content of Ca8-P, Al-P and Fe-P, and the maximum increment of Al-P and Fe-P in red soil reached 237.7 mg kg-1 and 277.7 mg kg- The contents of P and P were significantly higher in black soil and red soil as high as 121.4 mg kg-1 and 98.4 mg kg-1, respectively. The contents of Olsen-P in soil and black soil increased by 18.4 and 9.1 times, respectively. The combination of chemical fertilizers and organic manure increased the contents of inorganic phosphorus and available phosphorus significantly, mainly increased the inorganic phosphorus with high activity such as Ca8-P, Al-P and Fe-P, while the content of Olsen-P in black soil and red soil reached High levels of Ca8-P, Al-P or Fe-P are the major phosphorus sources for Olsen-P.