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目的了解15岁以下艾滋病感染儿童感染途径构成情况和抗病毒治疗情况,为今后防治工作提供依据。方法对南阳市艾滋病疫情网络直报数据库中年龄≤15岁的感染者资料进行分析。结果母婴传播途径感染是15岁以下儿童感染HIV的主要传播途径(占94.37%);1998年后无受血传播病例报告,2005年以后母婴传播病例逐年减少;接受抗病毒治疗者病死率(14.71%)明显低于未接受治疗者(48.15%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.005)。结论通过采取以切断血液传播和母婴传播途径为主的干预措施,儿童感染HIV病例呈逐年减少趋势,但由于女性感染者不断增多,母婴传播的隐患仍然存在,预防母婴传播仍是今后防艾工作的重点之一。抗病毒治疗可有效降低患儿病死率,应积极开展儿童的预防和治疗工作。
Objective To understand the composition of infection and anti-virus treatment of children under 15 years of age with HIV infection and provide evidence for future prevention and treatment work. Methods The data of HIV-infected persons aged ≤15 years in the network of HIV / AIDS in Nanyang City were directly analyzed. Results The mother-to-child transmission route was the main route of HIV transmission among children under 15 years of age (94.37%). No cases of blood transmission were reported after 1998, and the number of mother-to-child transmission cases decreased year after year. The mortality of patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (14.71%) was significantly lower than those who did not receive treatment (48.15%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.005). Conclusions Childhood HIV infections have been declining year by year through interventions mainly based on the cut-off of blood transmission and mother-to-child transmission. However, due to the increasing number of female HIV infections and the potential risks of mother-to-child transmission, the prevention of mother-to-child transmission is still the future Anti-AIDS work one of the priorities. Antiviral therapy can effectively reduce the case fatality rate, should actively carry out prevention and treatment of children.