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目的 了解农村高血压病人膳食的特点,寻找防治措施。方法 运用食物频率询问法在安徽六安农村地区调查了2 317名高血压患者,对每个调查对象上一年的各类食物摄入频率和摄入量进行询问,分别计算每日食物摄入量、每日营养素摄入量、三大营养素产能比和蛋白质来源百分比,并描述这些指标在性别间的分布。结果 该地区高血压患者膳食的主要特点是:主食以粮谷类为主,奶及奶制品摄入量低,油脂摄入以动物油脂为主;营养素和微量元素的摄入量普遍较低,其中蛋白质、钙、核黄素和硫胺素的摄入明显不足;三大营养素的产能比不协调,蛋白质的产能比重略低于10 %、碳水化合物的产能比重超过70 %、女性脂肪产能比重低于2 0 % ;优质蛋白质在所有蛋白质来源中所占比重偏低。结论 该地区高血压患者的膳食特点为动物性食物、蔬菜水果、奶及奶制品和豆类及豆制品摄入不足,提示农村地区高血压健康教育亟待加强,应纠正不良的膳食习惯
Objective To understand the characteristics of diet in patients with hypertension in rural areas, looking for prevention and treatment measures. Methods A total of 2 317 hypertensive patients were surveyed in the rural areas of Lu’an, Anhui by using food frequency interrogation method. The frequency and intake of various foods in the previous year for each surveyed were inquired, and the daily food intake Volume, daily nutrient intakes, percentages of three major nutrient to energy sources and percentages of protein sources, and describe the distribution of these indicators across sex. Results The main characteristics of the diet of hypertensive patients in this area were as follows: The staple food was mainly cereal, the intake of milk and milk products was low, and the fat was mainly taken from animal fat; the intake of nutrients and trace elements was generally low, among them The intake of protein, calcium, riboflavin and thiamine was obviously insufficient. The productivity of the three nutrients was uncoordinated, the proportion of protein production was slightly less than 10%, the proportion of carbohydrate production was more than 70% and the proportion of female fat production was less than 2 0%; high-quality protein in all protein sources, the proportion of low. Conclusion The dietary characteristics of hypertensive patients in this area are animal food, inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables, milk and dairy products and beans and soy products, suggesting that hypertension health education should be strengthened in rural areas and poor dietary habits should be corrected