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本文比较汉语、英语、日语和韩语中“差点儿”类接近性副词的句法表现、语义结构及其概念结构基础,通过详细的实例分析和特征对比,发现:(1)接近性副词具有很强的主观性,可以构成表示庆幸、遗憾等感情的主观化句式;(2)由于乐观原则的制约,“接近性副词+真性否定词语+消极性动词短语”(如:“差点儿没摔断大腿”=摔断了大腿)之类的格式一般不能成立;(3)为了强调积极性的结果,可以有冗余性否定形式(如:汉语“差点儿没摔断大腿”、英语“nearly not got knocked down”),或者隐含否定的肯定形式(如:日语「危うく命拾いした」)等强调推论意义的特殊句式。这四种语言中有关接近性副词及其相关句式在句法、语义和语用方面的相似性,源于人类接近性心理和乐观原则的普遍性。
This paper compares the syntactic representation, semantic structure and conceptual structure of the near-perfect adverbs in Chinese, English, Japanese and Korean. Through detailed case analysis and feature comparison, it is found that: (1) Strong subjectivity, can constitute a sense of happiness, regret and other feelings of subjective sentence; (2) due to optimistic principles of constraints, “close adverb + negative verb + negative verb phrase ” (such as: (3) In order to emphasize the positive result, there may be a negative form of redundancy (such as: Chinese “almost did not break the thigh” = broken thigh) “,” Almost not got knocked down “in English, or a definite negative form of affirmation (such as Japanese” う く い し し ta "). The similarities in syntactic, semantic and pragmatic aspects of the proximity adverbs and their related sentences in these four languages stem from the universality of human proximity psychology and optimism principles.