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以秋季气温变化对冬小麦冬前发育期及发育期间隔日数的影响为前提,分析了黄土高原最典型区域“董志塬”发生冬小麦冬前旺长现象的气候背景,旺长特征,以及由于旺长引起的资源损耗现象。分析认为秋季气温偏高是冬前旺长的主导因素,但不是决定因素;生长期长、水肥条件好,气象条件适宜是冬小麦冬前旺长的必备条件。尤其10月份气温偏高导致麦田分蘖过多,群体过大是冬前旺长的主要原因,其中水资源无效损耗主要出现在初仲秋,以生态耗水为主,生物量损耗主要发生在仲晚秋分孽期-停止生长期。结论认为虽然由于气候变化和当地传统生产习惯导致多数年份存在冬前旺长现象,造成生物量和水资源的无谓损耗,以冬前生长过剩导致的干物质损耗尤为突出,但冬前旺长现象可以通过适当推迟冬小麦播种期、人为缩短秋季生长期进行有效调控。
Based on the premise of the effect of autumnal temperature change on the winter wheat growth period and the interval days after winter, the climatic background and the characteristics of the long-wintering winter wheat in the most typical area on the Loess Plateau were analyzed. Long caused by the phenomenon of resource depletion. The analysis shows that the high autumn temperature is the dominant factor of the winter before the long, but not the decisive factor; long growing season, good water and fertilizer conditions, suitable weather conditions winter wheat long before winter flourishing conditions. In particular, the high temperature in October led to excessive tillering in the wheat field. Excessive population was the main reason for the pre-winter bloom. Invalidation of water resources mainly occurred in the early autumn of Mid-Autumn with the ecological water consumption as the main factor, Sub-period - stop growing period. The conclusion is that dry matter depletion due to excess winter pre-winter is particularly prominent, although the phenomenon of pre-winter flooding prevails in most years due to climate change and local traditional production habits, resulting in unnecessary loss of biomass and water resources. However, By appropriate postponement of sowing of winter wheat, artificially shorten the autumn growth period for effective regulation.