论文部分内容阅读
一、清朝发展商业的原因清代前期,天山南北、大漠南北与中原地区的贸易有了巨大的发展,要而言之,这是由下列因素决定的。首先,清代前期,清政府重视商业流通,与清朝勃兴时的经验有关。原来,清太祖努尔哈赤不仅是个政治家和军事家,而且是一个经验丰富的商业家。他青年时期多次往抚顺经商,以后七次到北京“朝贡”,进行贡市贸易;又曾派商人30名往黑龙江地区作生意,并广泛与蒙古及朝鲜交易。又通过抚顺、清河、宽甸、叆阳四处关口与明朝互市交易,“因此满洲民殷国富”。尔后,清太宗皇太极曾亲自倡导和支持商业活动,把主要的农产品和渔猎畜牧产品控制在国家手中。国家掌握了物资,对调济余缺、平抑物价、制止投机、安定人心
First, the Qing Dynasty business reasons for the development of the early Qing Dynasty, Tianshan north and south, desert north-south and the Central Plains region trade has tremendous development, to be the case, this is determined by the following factors. First of all, in the early Qing Dynasty, the Qing government attached great importance to commercial circulation, which was related to the experience of the Qing Dynasty. It turned out that the Qing Taizu Nurhaci is not only a politician and military strategist, but also an experienced businessman. During his youth, he went to Fushun several times and later went to Beijing to pay tribute to trade in tribute cities. He sent 30 businessmen to trade in Heilongjiang Province and extensively traded with Mongolia and North Korea. And through Fushun, Qinghe, Kuandian, Xing pass around the border with the Ming exchanges, “So Manchuria Yin Guofu.” Later, Emperor Taizong Huang Taiji personally advocated and supported commercial activities, the main agricultural products and animal husbandry and fishery products controlled in the hands of the state. The state has mastered the supplies, adjusted the remaining deficits, stabilized prices, stopped speculation and stabilized the people’s heart