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以通用有效介质理论为基础,给出了炭黑填充导电橡胶(炭黑/橡胶)的力敏传感器灵敏系数计算方程。采用该方程并结合应变和压阻效应对“负压力-电阻特性”(NPC)的影响程度,分析了力敏导电炭黑/橡胶的灵敏系数和工作原理。结果表明:炭黑体积分数在临界体积分数附近时,力敏导电炭黑/橡胶的灵敏系数在2.5～13之间,其工作原理主要为压阻效应。当炭黑体积分数在渗流区时,灵敏系数在2.5～4.5之间,其工作原理与接触压力的大小有关。压力较小时,其工作原理主要为压阻效应;压力较大时,其工作原理主要为应变效应。炭黑体积分数在传导区时,灵敏系数在2.0～2.5之间,其工作原理主要为应变效应。
Based on the universal effective medium theory, the equations for calculating the sensitivity coefficients of force-sensitive sensors filled with carbon black (conductive carbon black / rubber) are given. Using this equation and considering the effect of strain and piezoresistive effect on the “negative pressure-resistance characteristics” (NPC), the sensitivity coefficient and working principle of force-sensitive conductive carbon black / rubber were analyzed. The results show that when the volume fraction of carbon black is near the critical volume fraction, the sensitivity coefficient of force-sensitive conductive carbon black / rubber is between 2.5 and 13, and its working principle is mainly piezoresistive effect. When the carbon black volume fraction in the seepage zone, the sensitivity coefficient of 2.5 to 4.5, its working principle and the size of the contact pressure. When the pressure is small, its working principle is mainly piezoresistive effect; when the pressure is high, its working principle is mainly the strain effect. When the carbon black volume fraction is in the conduction region, the sensitivity coefficient is between 2.0 and 2.5, and its working principle is mainly the strain effect.