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【目的】通过测定不同施肥制度下的微生物数量和氨氧化细菌群落结构特点,认识长期施肥对石灰性紫色水稻土培肥和肥力演化的重要作用。【方法】利用稀释平板法以及最大或然法(MPN法)和变性梯度凝胶电泳法(DGGE)分别研究农家肥(M),氮肥+农家肥(NM),氮磷肥+农家肥(NPM),氮磷钾肥+农家肥(NPKM),无肥(CK),氮肥(N),氮磷肥(NP)和氮磷钾肥(NPK)等不同施肥制度对微生物数量和氨氧化细菌群落结构的影响。【结果】与对照无肥处理相比,施肥能增加微生物数量并改变氨氧化细菌的群落结构。无机肥配施农家肥的土壤微生物数量及氨氧化细菌的群落结构丰富度均比施用无机肥的处理高。主成分分析将8种施肥处理划分成两个主成分。植稻土壤,主成分1为NP、NM、NPM和NPKM,主成分2为CK、N、M和NPK;植麦土壤,主成分1为M、NM、NPM和NPKM,主成分2为CK、N、NP和NPK。主成分1的氨氧化细菌群落结构丰富度高于主成分2。水稻收获后土壤的氨氧化细菌群落结构丰富度高于小麦收获后土壤。【结论】施肥会改变石灰性紫色水稻土微生物的数量以及氨氧化细菌的种群结构,无机肥(N、NP、NPK)配施农家肥更有利于提高微生物的数量以及氨氧化细菌的种群结构进而维持土壤生物肥力状况。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to understand the important role of long-term fertilization on the fertility and fertility evolution of calcareous purple paddy soils by measuring the number of microorganisms and the characteristics of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial community under different fertilization systems. 【Method】 Dilution plate method, MPN method and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) were used to study the effects of manure (M), nitrogen fertilizer (NM), NP and NPM NPKM, CK, N, NP and NPK on the microbial population and the structure of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. 【Result】 Fertilization could increase the number of microorganisms and change the community structure of ammonia oxidizing bacteria compared with the control without fertilizer. The amount of soil microbes and the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in soil were higher than those of inorganic fertilizers. The principal component analysis divided the eight fertilization treatments into two main components. The main component 1 was NP, NM, NPM and NPKM. The main component 2 was CK, N, M and NPK. The main component 1 was M, NM, NPM and NPKM, N, NP and NPK. The main component 1 ammonia oxidizing bacteria community structure richness is higher than the main component 2. The enrichment of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in rice after harvest was higher than that of wheat after harvest. 【Conclusion】 Fertilization can change the number of microbes and the population structure of ammoniacal bacteria in calcareous purple paddy soils. Combined with manure fertilizer, inorganic fertilizers (N, NP and NPK) are more conducive to increasing the number of microorganisms and the population structure of ammonia oxidizing bacteria. Maintain the status of soil biological fertility.