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A sustainable process was explored for the preparation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) by catalytic degradation of the waste cotton stalk.Solid super-acid (SO42-/ZrO2) was used as an efficient catalyst for the degradation of cotton stalk.Both decomposition experiments and kinetic study were conducted for the exploration of degradation condition and kinetics mechanism.The optimized experimental conditions are reaction temperature 503 K,reaction time 75 min and dosage of catalyst 30％ (mass fraction) based on the decomposition experiments,under which a maximum yield of 27.2％ for HMF could be achieved.Kinetic study was then carried out in the presence of SO42-/ZrO2.The theoretical results indicate that the activation energies for reducing sugar and HMF with catalyst are 96.71 kJ/mol,84.21 kJ/mol in the presence of SO42-/ZrO2,and they are 105.96 kJ/mol and 119.37 kJ/mol in the absence of SO42-/ZrO2.