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现代教育改革的一个指导思想是“面向未来”，它要求基础教育为中小学生的终身学习和发展奠定基础，使之初步具备终身学习和发展的能力。而建立学科体系，“教会学生掌握知识的、方法的和过程的结构，是最有效地教会学生学习的途径”。强调掌握学科结构，就是要求学生掌握基本
One of the guiding ideology of modern education reform is “facing the future”. It requires that basic education lay the foundation for the lifelong learning and development of primary and secondary school students so that they can initially possess the ability of lifelong learning and development. The establishment of a disciplinary system, “teaching students to master the knowledge, methods and process structure, is the most effective way to teach students to learn.” Emphasize master discipline structure, is to require students to master the basic