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目的了解中小型家具制造企业劳动者职业卫生知识和职业卫生服务享受状况,评估其职业健康教育和职业卫生服务水平。方法对香河县1 521名家具制造企业职业性接触苯、粉尘、噪声的工人关于职业卫生知识和职业卫生服务享受状况进行问卷调查,对调查结果进行统计分析。结果 1 521名工人中,参加上岗前职业卫生与安全防护知识培训的有457人(30.0%),最近2年参加过岗位职业卫生与安全防护知识培训的有473人(31.1%)。对企业存在的3种主要职业危害因素完全了解的仅有127人(8.3%),趋势卡方分析显示,工人对职业卫生知识掌握基本有随工龄增加和文化程度增高而呈逐渐升高趋势;经常使用防护用品的有703人(46.2%),趋势卡方分析显示,工人对职业卫生知识掌握有随工龄增加和文化程度增高而呈逐渐升高趋势。517人(34.0%)通过培训途径了解职业卫生知识;参加过岗前健康检查的有128人(8.4%),接受定期职业健康检查的有809人(53.2%)。结论香河县家具制造企业职业卫生与安全防护培训、职业健康检查工作薄弱,工人防护知识较缺乏,防护意识不强,企业应采取有效措施加强对工人的职业健康教育和职业卫生服务工作。
Objective To understand the occupational health knowledge and occupational health service enjoyment of laborers in small and medium furniture manufacturing enterprises and evaluate their occupational health education and occupational health services. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on the occupational health, occupational exposure to benzene, dust and noise among 1 521 furniture manufacturing enterprises in Xianghe County, and the statistical analysis was made on the survey results. Results Among the 1 521 workers, 457 (30.0%) were attending pre-employment occupational health and safety training and 473 (31.1%) were trained in post occupational health and safety training in the recent two years. Only 127 people (8.3%) were fully aware of the three major occupational hazards that existed in the enterprise. The trend chi-square analysis showed that the workers’ knowledge of occupational health basically tended to increase gradually with the increase of seniority and educational level; Of 703 (46.2%) who regularly used protective equipment, the trend chi-square analysis showed that workers’ knowledge of occupational health increased gradually with increasing seniority and educational level. 517 (34.0%) knew about occupational health through training methods; 128 (8.4%) had participated in pre-job health check-ups and 809 (53.2%) received regular occupational health checks. Conclusion The furniture manufacturing enterprises in Xianghe County occupational health and safety training, occupational health examination work is weak, workers lack of knowledge about protection, protection awareness is not strong, enterprises should take effective measures to strengthen the workers’ occupational health education and occupational health services.