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引言出于政府的利益,议会立法正由于非正式规则(informal rules)而明显退却。~①每当政府面临棘手的规制任务时,便生成一项新的策略:实践准则(a code of practice)、指南指令(guidance note)、通告(circular)、许可准则(approved code)、大纲计划(outline scheme)、建议声明(statement of advice)、部门通告(departmental circular)——这份名单很长。对待这些“规则”(rules)~②的一个看法是,它们提供了塑造裁量的有益框架;~③另外一个观点则认为,它们经常被偏激得用于塑成法律却并未诉诸议会,向法
INTRODUCTION In the interest of the government, parliamentary legislation is clearly being withdrawn from informal rules. Whenever the government faces a difficult regulatory task, a new strategy emerges: a code of practice, a guidance note, a circular, an approved code, an outline plan outline scheme, statement of advice, departmental circular - the list is long. One view toward treating these “rules” ~ is that they provide a useful framework for shaping the discretion; ③ the other view is that they are often over-arching for the law and not for the parliament To the law