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一、辩诉交易概观辩诉交易是一项始创于美国的刑事司法制度。一般认为,该制度出现于二十世纪三十年代,但实际上,美国早在1804年即有协商实务。开始时,辩诉交易处于不公开的“地下状态”。直至1970年,美国联邦最高法院才在Brady v.United States一案中正式确认了辩诉交易的合法性。次年,在Santobell v.New York(1971)案中,美国联邦最高法院批准了辩诉交易的做法,将它称之为“非常令人向往的”和“司法的重要组成部分”。1974年修订的《美国联邦刑事诉讼规则》,第四章“传讯和准备审判”第11条对有关“答
I. Overview of plea bargaining Plea bargaining is a criminal justice system founded in the United States. The system was generally considered to have emerged in the 1930s, but in fact, the United States had consultative practices as early as 1804. At the beginning, plea bargaining is not public ”underground state “. It was not until 1970 that the Supreme Court of the United States formally confirmed the legality of plea bargaining in Brady v. United States States. The following year, in Santobell v. New York (1971), the Supreme Court of the United States approved the plea bargaining as ”a very desirable“ and ”an important part of the judiciary“ . The United States Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, as amended in 1974, and the fourth chapter, ”Messaging and Preparatory Trial", Article 11