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能源对于现代社会至关重要,是社会经济发展最重要的指标之一。尽管科技不断发展,但仍然有约30亿人(主要集中在发展中国家的农村地区),继续通过在传统的炉灶中燃烧生物质资源(如柴薪、秸秆、动物粪便)的方式来满足烹饪的能源需求。这种方式对环境、社会、经济、公众健康都带来极大负面影响。这些地区要实现可持续性发展,开发干净清洁、价格低廉的可再生能源就势在必行。把现有的生物质资源(动物粪便、秸秆、餐厨垃圾、绿色废弃物)提炼成更加清洁高效的能源载体(例如厌氧发酵产生的沼气),不仅具有提供清洁、可靠能源的独特潜力,同时又能保护当地和全球的环境。尽管沼气对发展中国家来说意义重大,但其面临着成本高、设备安装和维护专业知识缺乏等问题,因而在地理位置分散的社区难以广泛推广应用。因此,政府和非政府层面的通力协作就显得至关重要,从而促进沼气技术的更新改造和传播,开发尚未被开发的潜力。文章旨在通过分析沼气技术的现状、挑战和潜力,明确它在发展中国家未来的研究方向和发展传播路径。
Energy is crucial to modern society and one of the most important indicators of socio-economic development. Despite the advances in technology, there are still some 3 billion people (mainly in rural areas in developing countries) that continue to cater for cooking by burning biomass resources (such as fuelwood, straw, animal waste) in traditional stoves The energy needs. This approach has a tremendous negative impact on the environment, society, economy and public health. In order to achieve sustainable development in these areas, it is imperative to develop clean, clean and affordable renewable energy sources. The extraction of existing biomass resources (animal manure, straw, kitchen waste, green waste) into cleaner, more efficient energy carriers (such as biogas produced by anaerobic fermentation) not only offers the unique potential of providing clean and reliable energy sources, While at the same time protecting the local and global environment. Although biogas is of great importance to developing countries, it faces the problems of high costs, lack of expertise in equipment installation and maintenance, and is difficult to widely popularize in geographically dispersed communities. As a result, concerted efforts at the governmental and non-governmental levels are of paramount importance to promote the revamping and dissemination of biogas technologies and to develop untapped potential. The article aims to identify its future research directions and development pathways in developing countries by analyzing the status quo, challenges and potential of biogas technology.