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运筹学研究的现象必须是可以用形式的,实际上是机械的数量的模型来表现;运筹学家偏好用符号来描述现象和进行推理。这两个特征是运筹学的风格。因此运筹学可定义为:用这种精神来帮助企业、政府和军事部门解决实际问题的一切研究工作。运筹学的标准模型有:1.线性规划,是如何运用定量资源以取得最大成果。2.信息论,依存于对信息的数量测度的发现,对运筹学的作用是为处理通信组织的结构问题作出贡献。3.一般体系分析,所研究的是考察和发现一个企业最适度的通信系统和决策规则的方法。4.储备论,包括推演出适用于各种特殊情况的有效率储备政策的一些方法,即静态分析、恒态分析和动态分析。运筹学研究的问题,有四个特征:1.目标可以明确肯定;2.研究对象可用合理的模型描绘出来;3.模型中作为已知数的数据可以获得;4.现行操作尚有充分改进余地。
The phenomenon of operational research must be a model that can be used in form, in fact, the number of machines; operators are inclined to use symbols to describe phenomena and reasoning. These two characteristics are the style of operations research. Therefore, operations research can be defined as using this spirit to help companies, governments, and military departments solve all practical research problems. The standard models for operational research are: 1. Linear programming, how to use quantitative resources to achieve maximum results. 2. The theory of information, which depends on the measurement of the quantity of information, contributes to the operational problems of operational organization. 3. The general system analysis, the research is to examine and discover a company’s most appropriate method of communication systems and decision rules. 4. The reserve theory includes some methods for devising efficient reserve policies applicable to various special situations, namely static analysis, steady state analysis and dynamic analysis. The research of operational research has four characteristics: 1. The goal can be clearly affirmed; 2. The research object can be drawn out with a reasonable model; 3. The data used as a known number in the model can be obtained; 4. The current operation is still fully improved. room.